Walk a watt from the grid to the chip and back out as heat, explore U.S. data-center geography, compare cooling and water systems, hear the sources of community noise, and investigate what public records still cannot tell us.
An AI data center is not a silent warehouse full of interchangeable computers. It is a power system, a high-speed network, a heat-removal machine, a water customer or air-cooled heat source, a construction project, a regulated industrial site, and—only after all of that—a place where a model can run.
A conceptual cutaway, not a specific campus. Colored lines organize the illustration; they are not traced electricity, water, or fiber. Actual equipment, ownership, workload, heat rejection, and water paths remain facility-level facts to verify.
Tap an AI app and the answer appears weightless. Somewhere else, electricity crosses a substation, thousands of chips switch, pumps and fans move almost all of that electrical energy away as heat, and a utility, water authority, grid operator, landowner, developer, cloud, model company, and local government each hold a different piece of the story.
This is the Infrastructure layer of the AMICE stack: Applications, Models, Infrastructure, Chips, and Energy. The primer and OpenStreetMap census are frozen at August 13, 2026; the curated facility passports and investigation ledger were reviewed through August 14, 2026. The downloads preserve those dataset-specific cutoffs, and every interactive claim keeps its date, geography, denominator, status, and evidence type.
That discipline matters here. A map marker is not necessarily a facility. A campus plan is not operating load. A utility interconnection ceiling is not IT capacity. A company fleet total is not an AI workload allocation. “Liquid cooled” does not tell us whether the site evaporates water. “Powered by” does not tell us which generator served a particular hour.
Mapped feature
≠ facility
A point, building outline, and campus polygon may describe the same place.
MW
needs a basis
Critical IT, gross service, interconnection, generation, and planned buildout are different.
PUE
facility ÷ IT
Efficiency ratio—not total demand, useful work, carbon, or water.
Water
withdrawal ≠ consumption
Returned water, evaporation, source, watershed, and season all matter.
Megawatts can mean critical IT load, total facility service, an interconnection request, onsite generation, or a future buildout. GPU count can describe one building, a campus, a distributed cluster, or an operator's global portfolio. PUE divides total facility energy by IT energy; it says nothing by itself about total demand, carbon, water, embodied hardware, or useful work. Water use can mean withdrawal, discharge, or consumption.
The page therefore refuses to turn every disclosure into a single leaderboard. The honest unit is a dated claim with a boundary.
The lineage begins before the phrase “data center.” The publicly unveiled ENIAC occupied about 1,000 square feet, used roughly 18,000 vacuum tubes, and weighed about 30 tons in 1946; it was an ancestor, not a modern facility. NIST's SEAC then became the first fully operational stored-program electronic computer in the United States in 1950. The physical plant and the computer occupied nearly the same world. IBM launched the compatible System/360 family on April 7, 1964, letting institutions expand centralized computing without replacing their entire software environment at every step. Both the ENIAC history and Google's per-prompt water methodology below are included in the downloadable source ledger—not only linked in the prose.
The decisive hyperscale shift was not merely putting more servers in a larger building. In 2003, Google described search clusters with more than 15,000 commodity PCs and a filesystem designed around routine component failure. AWS put storage and compute behind on-demand APIs in 2006. In 2009, Google described the data center itself as one warehouse-scale computer: servers, network, software, power, and cooling designed together. Facebook then published clean-sheet server, rack, power, and facility ideas through Open Compute in 2011.
AI changed the density and the scale of the supporting systems. It did not invent centralized computing, industrial cooling, or large electricity demand.
From computer room to AI campus
Focus or select a dated event. The timeline separates documented milestones from company retrospectives and modeled national estimates.
2009 · hyperscale
The warehouse becomes the computer
Schematic only: cabinet count is illustrative and does not encode historical machine quantities.
What changed
Google described servers, network, software, power, and cooling as one warehouse-scale machine.
Why a consumer should care
The useful unit was no longer a server rack; it was a whole facility co-designed around one service fleet.
Evidence boundary
Novel as a whole-system engineering frame, not the invention of centralized computing or cooling.
Google treated ordinary component failure as a software assumption, stripped servers to the functions its fleet needed, built distributed storage and networking around enormous clusters, and optimized power and cooling at the scale of the whole service. The useful computer became the coordinated warehouse rather than the most reliable individual box.
That is a more precise claim than saying Google invented the data center. Mainframe rooms, colocation facilities, supercomputers, telecommunications exchanges, and industrial cooling all have longer histories. Google's published contribution was the unusually complete co-design of cheap machines, fault-tolerant software, network, power, cooling, and operations at internet scale.
There is also a common cooling myth to remove. Google did not start “active cooling” in the last few years. Its 2012 “Hot Huts” disclosure showed sealed hot aisles, forced air, pumps, and facility water cooling. In 2018, DeepMind described autonomous controls adjusting cooling setpoints every five minutes from thousands of sensors. The widely repeated 40% result referred to cooling energy, not total facility electricity.
The AI-era change was that liquid moved closer to the heat source. Google says TPU v3, deployed in 2018, was its first direct-liquid-cooled TPU generation. By 2025, it was describing accelerators above 1,000 watts, machine-learning racks expected to exceed 500 kilowatts before 2030, and power and cooling designs capable of supporting a 1 megawatt rack. Those are company roadmap and capability statements—not the density of an average rack.
Electricity enters through utility lines and substations, passes transformers, switchgear, batteries or UPS systems, and power distribution, then reaches CPUs, accelerators, memory, storage, and network equipment. Inside the computing boundary, almost all of it ends as heat.
That heat must cross several interfaces: the silicon junction, thermal material, heat spreader, heat sink or cold plate, server or rack loop, facility loop, and finally an outdoor sink. Small amounts of energy can leave as light, signals, or stored energy, so “almost all” is more defensible than a boundary-free 100%.
An exploded heat journey
Select a stage, then build a cooling system with two independent decisions: how heat leaves the rack and how it finally leaves the site.
Server
Accelerator junction
Transistors switch, memory moves data, and almost all input electricity becomes heat inside the facility boundary.
Water
Still no requirement for water at the silicon itself.
Sound
The chip is not the loud part; its supporting fans and pumps are.
Boundary
Small amounts of energy leave as signals or stored energy, so the page says “almost all,” not a boundary-free 100%.
Decision 1 · capture at the rack
Decision 2 · reject beyond the facility
The heat finishes in outdoor air without routine evaporation.
Water: Low direct cooling-water consumption; upstream electricity and chip-fab water remain.
Sound: Outdoor fans are continuous or load-varying sound sources.
Tradeoff: Hot design days can require more coil area, fan energy, or supplemental refrigeration.
Liquid cooling describes heat capture and transport—not the final heat sink.
The cooling vocabulary becomes much clearer when it is split into two independent decisions.
First, how does heat leave the rack? Fans can force room air through heat sinks. A rear-door exchanger can intercept hot exhaust. Cold plates can carry heat directly from processor packages into a sealed technology loop. Immersion can place electronics in dielectric fluid.
Second, how does heat leave the site? A dry cooler can blow outdoor air over a closed coil. A mechanical chiller can move heat across a difficult temperature difference. A cooling tower can evaporate water. A river, lake, or sea can absorb heat through an indirect exchanger. A district-heating or industrial customer can use some of it when temperature, distance, timing, and economics align.
These choices can be mixed. A liquid-cooled rack can finish at a dry cooler with little routine onsite evaporation. An air-cooled server can hand heat to a water-cooled chiller and evaporative tower. “Air cooled” does not mean passive, and “liquid cooled” does not mean water consuming.
“Passive cooling” usually means natural convection or building features that need little mechanical work. It is not a realistic complete heat path for today's dense AI racks. An airside economizer still needs controlled airflow, filtration, humidity management, and usually fans. A CRAC unit uses a refrigeration cycle at or near the computer room; a CRAH unit blows room air across a chilled-water coil supplied by a central plant. Both are air cooling at the server and active cooling at the facility.
The Department of Energy's data-center guide describes airside and waterside economizers, containment, cold plates, immersion, chillers, and liquid loops. “Free cooling” means compressor work is reduced or avoided under suitable conditions; fans, pumps, filtration, controls, and the final heat sink remain.
They do not all need to be.
Large-model training repeatedly synchronizes work across accelerators. Those machines exchange parameters, activations, checkpoints, and failures through extremely fast local networks. A large campus can share a substation, cooling plant, storage system, security boundary, operations team, and low-latency fabric. Dense racks reduce floor count, but they increase the intensity of power delivery and heat removal around each rack.
Inference creates a different geography. Smaller sites near population centers can reduce latency, keep regulated data inside a jurisdiction, improve failure isolation, and sometimes find nearby heat customers. Distribution also duplicates spare capacity and operations, consumes expensive land, and turns a local fabric into slower and less predictable wide-area links. The workload determines whether concentration or distribution is valuable.
Density calculator
These are transparent design arithmetic—not a forecast for a named facility. Change actual average IT load, rack density, and PUE.
1,000
illustrative racks
120
facility MW
20
overhead MW
One logical machine
Dense racks reduce floor count; they do not remove the systems around them.
Substations + redundancy
Low-latency fabric
Cooling plant + loops
Storage + checkpointing
Security + failure domains
Fiber + utility corridors
Staged buildings
Operations + repair
The calculator is arithmetic, not a forecast. Actual average IT load divided by average rack density produces an illustrative rack count. Multiplying IT load by PUE estimates facility load. None of those inputs can be safely inferred from a press release that announces land, utility service, or eventual campus capacity.
The chips are not usually what a neighbor hears. Sound comes from the equipment that feeds them and removes their heat.
Server fans, computer-room air handlers, rooftop units, cooling towers, and dry coolers move extraordinary volumes of air. Fan turbulence creates broadband sound while blades, motors, and bearings can create repeating tones. Chillers, compressors, and pumps add mechanical tones and structure-borne vibration. Transformers can produce a persistent low-frequency hum. Generator tests add combustion, exhaust, radiator-fan, and mechanical sound; an outage can make many units operate together.
The acoustic footprint
This is a source explorer, not a synthetic sound-level prediction. A defensible measurement needs distance, weather, operating state, background, spectrum, and protocol.
Bars indicate source activity and spectral visibility only. They do not encode decibels.
Selected source
Transformers
Electromagnetic forces vibrate the core and enclosure at persistent frequencies.
Mitigation to verify
≥15 sites
Virginia’s JLARC found resident-regarded problematic noise at at least 15 operational sites—about 10% of the state’s then-known sites. It is not a national prevalence estimate.
29%
Of 131 sites across eight reviewed Virginia localities were within 200 feet of residential zoning. That is zoning distance, not building-to-home distance.
dBA ≠ whole story
Low-frequency and tonal sound can remain noticeable at night even when an aggregate A-weighted limit is met.
A single A-weighted decibel number cannot describe every experience. Tonal or low-frequency sound may remain noticeable at night as background levels fall, and A-weighting can understate part of that spectrum. A defensible study needs source operating state, simultaneous load, distance, barriers, topography, weather, background, duration, and frequency bands. Source sound power is not the same as sound pressure at a home.
Virginia's 2024 legislative audit found resident-regarded problematic noise at at least 15 operating sites, roughly 10% of the state's then-known sites. That is a useful Virginia finding—not a national prevalence estimate. Better controls include larger slower fans, variable speed, quieter transformer designs, acoustic enclosures and louvers, vibration isolation, setbacks, barriers, equipment orientation, daytime staggered generator tests, and baseline plus post-opening spectral monitoring.
Evaporation can reject a great deal of heat with less compressor energy than all-dry cooling under favorable conditions. That trade is why water appears in many facilities. The DOE cooling schematic follows heat from racks to room air, chilled water, a chiller, a condenser loop, and a cooling tower.
Three water ledgers must stay separate:
In a cooling tower, makeup replaces evaporation, blowdown, and a small amount of drift. The evaporated molecules have left the liquid system. Meanwhile, calcium, magnesium, chloride, silica, and other dissolved material remain and concentrate. Without controlled blowdown, treatment, and monitoring, scale blocks heat transfer, salts corrode equipment, and biological growth creates operational and health risks.
The water ledger
Model site WUE separately from a normalized cooling-tower chemistry loop. The first calculator uses actual average IT load, not a campus announcement or interconnection ceiling.
115.7M gal/year
438,000,000 liters = MW × 8,760 h × 1,000 kWh/MWh × WUE. This is scenario arithmetic, not a named-campus prediction.
Balance ignores small drift for clarity: makeup = evaporation + blowdown. Higher cycles can reduce blowdown, but chemistry sets a safe ceiling.
modeled national · 2023
≈17.4 billion US gal
U.S. direct consumption
All U.S. data centers, not AI alone; modeled national estimate.
modeled national · 2023
≈211 billion US gal
U.S. grid-associated consumption
Electricity-generation water consumption modeled from balancing-area generation; excludes facility PPAs and behind-the-meter generation.
company fleet · 2025
13.562 billion US gal
Google data-center withdrawal
Alphabet-owned and fully leased data centers under its operational-control boundary; excludes seawater returned to sea, is not AI-only, and includes estimates where actual data were unavailable.
company fleet · 2025
3.039 billion US gal
Google data-center discharge
Same owned/fully leased reporting boundary; excludes seawater returned to sea and includes estimated discharge where actual data were unavailable.
company fleet · 2025
10.523 billion US gal
Google data-center consumption
Withdrawal minus discharge for the same reporting boundary, excluding seawater returned to sea; not a Gemini allocation.
workload subset · May 2025
0.26 mL
Median Gemini Apps text prompt
Company-estimated median for Gemini Apps text serving under a stated boundary; excludes model training, external networks, end-user devices, and data storage and is not a universal prompt constant.
Filtration can remove suspended particles but not every dissolved ion. Softening, chemistry, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis can raise safe cycles of concentration. Reverse osmosis produces a reusable permeate and a smaller, saltier reject stream. Zero-liquid-discharge systems add energy, chemicals, maintenance, and solids disposal. Condensing evaporated exhaust moisture requires another colder sink and more energy, undoing much of the reason the tower was used.
The DOE cooling-tower guidance says typical systems operate around two to four cycles of concentration and that higher cycles can reduce makeup and blowdown where local chemistry allows. That is not permission to apply one target everywhere.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory modeled approximately 17.4 billion U.S. gallons of direct water consumption by all U.S. data centers in 2023. It also modeled roughly 211 billion gallons associated with electricity generation. The 2024 LBNL report is a national scenario model—not an AI-only total, a complete facility-meter census, or a number that can be assigned to one provider.
Alphabet's limited-assurance statement reports that Google's global data-center fleet withdrew 13.562 billion gallons, discharged 3.039 billion gallons, and consumed 10.523 billion gallons in 2025. The reporting methodology allows estimates where direct records were unavailable. These are fleet totals, not a Gemini allocation.
Google separately estimated that a median Gemini Apps text prompt in May 2025 consumed 0.26 milliliters of water under its stated serving boundary. The company study excludes model training, external networking, end-user devices, and data storage. It is useful evidence about one measured service population—not a universal “water per prompt” constant.
Water also has a place and a season. A modest annual share can still collide with a small utility's peak day or a drought. Reclaimed municipal water can reduce demand for potable supply, but it still needs treatment and produces discharge or residuals. Dry cooling can reduce direct site consumption while raising electricity use, shifting some water and emissions into the power system.
Cold outdoor air expands the hours when a facility can reduce compressor work. It does not remove the thermal interfaces between a high-power chip and the environment, and it does not answer the other siting questions: grid capacity, fiber, latency, data sovereignty, workforce, construction logistics, smoke, humidity, ice, drought, hazards, permits, and redundancy. A site must still survive its hot design day.
Training jobs can often tolerate more geographic distance. Latency-sensitive inference, content delivery, and regulated data often cannot. Cold weather is an engineering input, not a complete siting strategy.
Ocean water is possible too. Google's Hamina site reuses a former paper mill and existing tunnel to exchange heat indirectly with the Bay of Finland. Seawater does not flow through its servers. Microsoft's Project Natick operated a sealed research module on the North Sea floor from 2018 to 2020. Natick was an experiment, not a commercial fleet design.
Siting is a multi-variable problem
Switch the workload lens, then inspect a site archetype. The interface does not produce a fake universal score because power, fiber, latency, water, hazards, sovereignty, workforce, and permits change by project.
Cold, remote region
Location-flexible training or batch work when power, fiber, and jurisdiction also work.
What it helps
What comes with it
Marine cooling brings chloride corrosion, biofouling, intake screening, pumps, tunnels, heat exchangers, thermal discharge, coastal storms, and permitting. Water withdrawal can be high even when consumptive evaporation is low. The EPA's cooling-water intake work documents the risk of impinging larger organisms on screens and entraining eggs and larvae. Hamina is compelling partly because unusual industrial infrastructure was already there; it is not a template that every coastline can copy.
The broad atlas below freezes public OpenStreetMap features carrying documented data-center tags. It includes points, building outlines, and campus or site geometries. Those objects can overlap: one point, three buildings, and a campus polygon may all describe the same real place. Tags can be incomplete, stale, inconsistent, or absent.
That is why the map counts mapped features, not facilities. A construction tag does not prove completion. The lack of a construction tag does not prove operation. Operator and owner tags are preserved separately. A community record does not establish tenant, workload, chips, power, cooling, water, permit status, or capacity.
A broad map with a narrow claim
The frozen layer includes OSM points, buildings, and campus/site outlines matching documented data-center tags. They overlap and are incomplete, so the number is never called a facility count.
The empty fields are a result, not a defect. The public can see much of the industrial geography while remaining unable to answer what is operating inside it.
For a narrower set of AI campuses, the next atlas uses company, regulator, utility, and government disclosures. Each dossier keeps the landowner, developer, operator, cloud, workload customer, utility relationship, hardware, power, water, cooling, status, and unknown fields distinct. A company can occupy several roles without owning the whole stack. Google may control a model, accelerator design, network, cloud, and much of a campus while depending on a foundry, memory makers, utility, grid, and builders. xAI may control Grok and Colossus while depending on NVIDIA hardware, electric and water utilities, pipelines, and the manufacturing chain below the accelerator.
Facility geography
Public evidence, not telemetry. Grid region is not delivered electricity, a PPA or annual matching claim is not an hourly facility mix, and cooling design is not measured water consumption.
71
disclosed sites
18
countries
Abilene, Texas, United States
Crusoe says two 100 MW buildings were energized by March 27; Lancium’s CEO described three buildings as running full out on April 9; and OpenAI confirms GB200 systems are running. These milestones do not disclose meter demand or live critical-IT megawatts.
6
explicit unknowns
The live site runs on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure; this does not resolve every campus operating entity.
Crusoe identifies itself as the developer that constructed and energized the first two 100 MW buildings; this is building electrical capacity, not measured load.
Lancium describes Stargate I as its flagship Abilene Clean Campus project.
OpenAI reports running its own early training, inference, and frontier-research workloads.
Oracle began delivering NVIDIA GB200 racks in June 2025, and OpenAI later confirmed GB200 systems running at Abilene. No rack, superchip, or GPU count is public.
AEP Texas North Division constructed the Lancium terminal SCADA, metering, and initial 138 kV point of interconnection. This identifies the TSP/TDSP meter party, not the competitive retail supplier, LSE, or QSE.
The campus is in ERCOT. ERCOT’s public large-load reporting is aggregated and does not provide facility interval load or an hourly delivered fuel mix.
Two 100 MW buildings at the original Abilene project were constructed and energized.
Boundary: This is energized building nameplate and a defensible minimum, not instantaneous or average demand, critical-IT load, or proof that every megawatt was serving compute.
Lancium says the Abilene campus has an ERCOT-approved 1.2 GW interconnect.
Boundary: Interconnection capacity is neither measured demand nor evidence that 1.2 GW of compute is operating.
OpenAI training and inference, including GPT-5.5 training
OpenAI names GPT-5.5 training at Abilene but does not publish workload share, run dates, live compute megawatts, or model-to-building allocation.
NVIDIA GB200
OpenAI confirms GB200 systems run at Abilene, but installed rack, superchip, accelerator, and GPU counts remain undisclosed. The wider Stargate portfolio’s chip count is not allocated here.
Grid / utility
AEP Texas · ERCOT
AEP Texas is the identified TSP/TDSP and POI metering party, not necessarily the energy seller. The REP/LSE/QSE, interval net imports and exports, on-site-generation netting, and facility-specific hourly fuel mix remain undisclosed; an energized interconnect is not delivered load.
Water
Closed-loop cooling designed to recirculate an initial fill rather than use ongoing evaporative cooling water.
Lancium’s CEO gave an operator-stated March 2026 campus usage rate of 20 gallons per minute while three buildings and roughly 8,500 on-site workers were active. No underlying meter or bill was produced, the rate’s averaging method is unstated, and city water was not split into potable, raw, reclaimed, cooling, domestic, or construction use; it is therefore not encoded as measuredConsumption. The city’s approximately 2 million-gallon-per-year figure for buildings 1–8 is an operating forecast, not a reading.
Facility evidence
OpenAI · published/filed 2025-07-22 · company-reported
Distinguishes live portions of Abilene from additional capacity under development.
OpenAI · published/filed 2025-09-23 · company-reported
Most numerical claims cover several sites together and must not be apportioned.
OpenAI · published/filed 2026-01-20 · company-reported
Names development, utility, cooling-design, and community commitments; it is not metered telemetry.
Lancium · retrieved 2026-08-14 · company-reported
Undated living page, reviewed on the publication date recorded here.
Crusoe · published/filed 2026-03-27 · company-reported
States that two 100 MW buildings at the original Abilene project were constructed and energized. Energized building capacity is not measured demand or critical-IT load.
Texas House of Representatives · published/filed 2026-04-09 · government
At 02:56:14–02:56:36, Lancium CEO Michael McNamara describes three buildings as running full out and reports an operator-stated March 2026 campus water-use rate of 20 gallons per minute. No underlying meter record or source-class split is supplied.
OpenAI · published/filed 2026-04-29 · company-reported
Confirms that Abilene runs NVIDIA GB200 systems and was used to train GPT-5.5; it does not publish installed rack, accelerator, or chip counts.
Public Utility Commission of Texas · published/filed 2023-08-01 · primary
PUCT Project No. 54468, item 244. The month-only report date is normalized to month start. Projects T10433134/P21743001 and T10434308/P21743002 identify SCADA, metering at the Lancium terminal, and the 138 kV tie for a 200 MW data center, energized June 30, 2023.
Electric Reliability Council of Texas · published/filed 2025-07-31 · primary
Approved protocol revision requires public large-load status reporting to be aggregated because customer-specific information is confidential; it does not supply Abilene interval load.
City of Abilene · published/filed 2026-01-08 · government
City presentation gives an approximately 2 million-gallon-per-year operational projection for original buildings 1–8. It is a forecast, not metered use.
Oracle · retrieved 2026-08-14 · company-reported
Living page reviewed on the recorded date. Oracle reports 42% of Abilene capacity delivered and says Port Washington customer delivery begins in the second half of 2027; neither statement is a regulator-approved in-service date or measured load.
Reporter lead desk
These are unresolved, source-specific questions—not allegations. They point to the permits, utility dockets, customer allocations, and cooling disclosures that would materially improve the public map.
Status evidence as of Jun 21, 2024 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The reviewed sources establish a 2020 DIA/AAI and a 2024 fourth phase of electrical-infrastructure approval at El Espartal II. Electrical approval and nameplate do not establish current draw, occupancy or operating compute.
What construction, occupancy, first-load and first-party operating evidence establishes current status?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 21, 2024 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The reviewed sources establish a 2020 DIA/AAI and a 2024 fourth phase of electrical-infrastructure approval at El Espartal II. Electrical approval and nameplate do not establish current draw, occupancy or operating compute.
What measured load, cooling, water and workload allocation applies specifically to El Burgo?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 1, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The reviewed sources establish the original Huesca PLHUS campus, a 2020 DIA/AAI, and later program modifications. They do not independently establish current operation, so the passport remains at the latest supportable permit/planning boundary. PLHUS is not Walqa/WQA.
What first-party or occupancy evidence establishes construction, energization and current operation at PLHUS?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 1, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The reviewed sources establish the original Huesca PLHUS campus, a 2020 DIA/AAI, and later program modifications. They do not independently establish current operation, so the passport remains at the latest supportable permit/planning boundary. PLHUS is not Walqa/WQA.
What measured load, water and workload allocation applies specifically to this campus?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 14, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
MDEQ records a synthetic-minor air construction permit for Amazon Data Services at the named Madison Mega Site. Mississippi announced two complexes, but only this named site is materialized; a permit does not establish construction completion, occupancy or operation.
What notice to proceed, inspections, building permits, occupancy and energization apply to this named site?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 14, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
MDEQ records a synthetic-minor air construction permit for Amazon Data Services at the named Madison Mega Site. Mississippi announced two complexes, but only this named site is materialized; a permit does not establish construction completion, occupancy or operation.
What site-specific record identifies the second announced Madison County complex without inventing a facility?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 10, 2020 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The reviewed sources establish the original campus and its 2020 DIA/AAI. The permit’s 294.4 MWt nominal thermal backup-generator figure is not electrical MW, IT load, current draw or proof of operation.
What construction, occupancy, first-load and first-party operating evidence establishes current status?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 10, 2020 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The reviewed sources establish the original campus and its 2020 DIA/AAI. The permit’s 294.4 MWt nominal thermal backup-generator figure is not electrical MW, IT load, current draw or proof of operation.
What measured electrical load, cooling, water and workload allocation applies specifically to Villanueva?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 14, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
WQA has a site-specific April 2026 DIA/AAI and conditional external-hydraulic EIA. These permits establish a distinct Walqa expansion campus, not construction, occupancy or operation, and it must not be merged with Huesca PLHUS.
What construction permit, mobilization, occupancy and energization follow the environmental authorizations?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 14, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
WQA has a site-specific April 2026 DIA/AAI and conditional external-hydraulic EIA. These permits establish a distinct Walqa expansion campus, not construction, occupancy or operation, and it must not be merged with Huesca PLHUS.
What final hydraulic design and measured water quantities apply?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 30, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
The Campus IA joint venture (MGX, Bpifrance, Mistral AI, NVIDIA) completed a CNDP concertation from October 13 to November 23, 2025, and a public inquiry covering environmental authorization, building permits, and grid connection ran from April 30 to May 30, 2026. The ministerial answer of July 30, 2026 says 700 MW has been contracted with RTE, and the municipality reports a pending building permit with construction beginning in 2027. A completed inquiry and a contracted connection are not issued permits, construction, or energization; the May 2025 schedule of construction in H2 2026 is superseded.
What are the enforceable water, noise, and heat-recovery conditions, and which phase-2 cooling technology is selected?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 30, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
The Campus IA joint venture (MGX, Bpifrance, Mistral AI, NVIDIA) completed a CNDP concertation from October 13 to November 23, 2025, and a public inquiry covering environmental authorization, building permits, and grid connection ran from April 30 to May 30, 2026. The ministerial answer of July 30, 2026 says 700 MW has been contracted with RTE, and the municipality reports a pending building permit with construction beginning in 2027. A completed inquiry and a contracted connection are not issued permits, construction, or energization; the May 2025 schedule of construction in H2 2026 is superseded.
Which client contracts, accelerator orders, and workload allocations, if any, are bound to phase 1?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 30, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
The Campus IA joint venture (MGX, Bpifrance, Mistral AI, NVIDIA) completed a CNDP concertation from October 13 to November 23, 2025, and a public inquiry covering environmental authorization, building permits, and grid connection ran from April 30 to May 30, 2026. The ministerial answer of July 30, 2026 says 700 MW has been contracted with RTE, and the municipality reports a pending building permit with construction beginning in 2027. A completed inquiry and a contracted connection are not issued permits, construction, or energization; the May 2025 schedule of construction in H2 2026 is superseded.
Which environmental authorization, building permits, and RTE connection agreement have been issued, and when does construction actually begin?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 31, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
An eight-building concept is in EIA and zoning. The authority records no final investment decision. Land purchase, an EIA program, and a zoning proposal do not establish construction or an operating campus.
Which cooling alternative, if any, is selected and what enforceable and measured water quantities result?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 31, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
An eight-building concept is in EIA and zoning. The authority records no final investment decision. Land purchase, an EIA program, and a zoning proposal do not establish construction or an operating campus.
Will Google make a final investment decision, and what final EIA, zoning, building and environmental permits follow?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 29, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
A nine-building campus remains in EIA, land-use, and zoning stages. The municipality explicitly says Google has not made a final investment decision. The €26 million land-use agreement is not a notice to proceed.
Which cooling alternative, water source, ecological conditions, and measured quantities will apply?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 29, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
A nine-building campus remains in EIA, land-use, and zoning stages. The municipality explicitly says Google has not made a final investment decision. The €26 million land-use agreement is not a notice to proceed.
Will the project receive a final investment decision and final EIA, zoning, building and environmental approvals?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 12, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Environmental monitoring records a 2025-10-14 site visit and pre-construction environmental measures while explicitly placing the project before the construction phase. Reparcelation, project-area figures and monitoring do not establish construction, completed data halls, electric service or production compute. The Consejería de Fomento definitively approved the reparcelation project by resolution of August 7, 2026, published in DOCM no. 160 on August 21, 2026; that closes regional land management and allows construction projects and municipal licences to be requested, but it is not a building permit, construction start, or energization.
What as-built cooling, water, grid and workload allocations apply to each phase?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 12, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Environmental monitoring records a 2025-10-14 site visit and pre-construction environmental measures while explicitly placing the project before the construction phase. Reparcelation, project-area figures and monitoring do not establish construction, completed data halls, electric service or production compute. The Consejería de Fomento definitively approved the reparcelation project by resolution of August 7, 2026, published in DOCM no. 160 on August 21, 2026; that closes regional land management and allows construction projects and municipal licences to be requested, but it is not a building permit, construction start, or energization.
Which construction projects, sectoral authorizations, and municipal building licences have been filed or granted after the August 2026 reparcelation approval, and when do works start?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 12, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Environmental monitoring records a 2025-10-14 site visit and pre-construction environmental measures while explicitly placing the project before the construction phase. Reparcelation, project-area figures and monitoring do not establish construction, completed data halls, electric service or production compute. The Consejería de Fomento definitively approved the reparcelation project by resolution of August 7, 2026, published in DOCM no. 160 on August 21, 2026; that closes regional land management and allows construction projects and municipal licences to be requested, but it is not a building permit, construction start, or energization.
Which enabling works have progressed to data-hall permits, occupancy, energization and production compute?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 15, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Aragón records a phased PIGA, hydraulic-infrastructure design and expropriation process. The approximately 25,000 m² building concept and regional investment announcement do not establish mobilization, completed shells, energization or compute.
What enforceable and measured water quantities apply to the selected design?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 15, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Aragón records a phased PIGA, hydraulic-infrastructure design and expropriation process. The approximately 25,000 m² building concept and regional investment announcement do not establish mobilization, completed shells, energization or compute.
What final site permits, construction notice, occupancy, energization and production milestones follow?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 13, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The campus has a redelineated PIGA boundary and scheduled expropriation acts. It is distinct from La Muela, the Zaragoza municipal campus, Clave logistics, and Tillion Aragón. Land assembly is not construction or operation.
What final PIGA, building and environmental approvals precede mobilization?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 13, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The campus has a redelineated PIGA boundary and scheduled expropriation acts. It is distinct from La Muela, the Zaragoza municipal campus, Clave logistics, and Tillion Aragón. Land assembly is not construction or operation.
Which parcels and auxiliary infrastructure belong exclusively to Microsoft rather than adjacent projects?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 24, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The municipality-of-Zaragoza campus was declared an investment of autonomic and general interest. A projected 2026 phase-1 investment after partial final PIGA approval is prospective and does not establish approval, spend, mobilization or operation.
Has partial final PIGA approval occurred, and what site permits and physical construction follow?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 24, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The municipality-of-Zaragoza campus was declared an investment of autonomic and general interest. A projected 2026 phase-1 investment after partial final PIGA approval is prospective and does not establish approval, spend, mobilization or operation.
What campus-specific capacity, cooling, utility and water records supersede portfolio investment intent?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 6, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Laramie County commissioners unanimously approved site plans on January 6, 2026 for the Project Jade data-center campus and Tallgrass’s adjacent BFC Power and Cheyenne Power Hub gas generation at the Switchgrass Industrial Park south of Cheyenne. Crusoe, the original data-center developer, exited in spring 2026 per local reporting, and Tallgrass says work continues directly with the customer. Black Hills’ Wyoming Electric reports a 1.8 GW prospective data-center customer with $377 million of refundable advances and definitive agreements still under negotiation as of August 2026. County site-plan approval and reported earthwork are not data-hall building permits, energization, or compute.
What air permits, construction records, and commissioning dates apply to the Cheyenne Power Hub generation and to the first data-center building?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 6, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Laramie County commissioners unanimously approved site plans on January 6, 2026 for the Project Jade data-center campus and Tallgrass’s adjacent BFC Power and Cheyenne Power Hub gas generation at the Switchgrass Industrial Park south of Cheyenne. Crusoe, the original data-center developer, exited in spring 2026 per local reporting, and Tallgrass says work continues directly with the customer. Black Hills’ Wyoming Electric reports a 1.8 GW prospective data-center customer with $377 million of refundable advances and definitive agreements still under negotiation as of August 2026. County site-plan approval and reported earthwork are not data-hall building permits, energization, or compute.
What water rights, well permits, and metered withdrawals apply to the Lance Formation plan?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 6, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Laramie County commissioners unanimously approved site plans on January 6, 2026 for the Project Jade data-center campus and Tallgrass’s adjacent BFC Power and Cheyenne Power Hub gas generation at the Switchgrass Industrial Park south of Cheyenne. Crusoe, the original data-center developer, exited in spring 2026 per local reporting, and Tallgrass says work continues directly with the customer. Black Hills’ Wyoming Electric reports a 1.8 GW prospective data-center customer with $377 million of refundable advances and definitive agreements still under negotiation as of August 2026. County site-plan approval and reported earthwork are not data-hall building permits, energization, or compute.
Who is the data-center customer and developer after Crusoe’s exit, and which definitive Black Hills agreements, tariff approvals, and CPCN orders have been issued?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 11, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
The municipality signed a protocol of intent in November 2024 for a R$3 billion first phase, Scala reported a Ministry of Mines and Energy approval of a 5 GW connection to the national system in May 2025, and an August 2026 event report says the project is in environmental, urban-planning, and road licensing with operations expected by the end of 2028. A connection approval and a protocol of intent are not licences, construction, or energization, and no construction start is established.
What transmission works, substation, and supplier contracts implement the reported 5 GW connection approval, and at what schedule?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 11, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
The municipality signed a protocol of intent in November 2024 for a R$3 billion first phase, Scala reported a Ministry of Mines and Energy approval of a 5 GW connection to the national system in May 2025, and an August 2026 event report says the project is in environmental, urban-planning, and road licensing with operations expected by the end of 2028. A connection approval and a protocol of intent are not licences, construction, or energization, and no construction start is established.
Which cooling design and water source are licensed, and what tenants or workloads are contracted for phase 1?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 11, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
The municipality signed a protocol of intent in November 2024 for a R$3 billion first phase, Scala reported a Ministry of Mines and Energy approval of a 5 GW connection to the national system in May 2025, and an August 2026 event report says the project is in environmental, urban-planning, and road licensing with operations expected by the end of 2028. A connection approval and a protocol of intent are not licences, construction, or energization, and no construction start is established.
Which environmental, urban, and road licences have been issued, and when does first-phase construction start?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
North Carolina, EDPNC, and Amazon announced a $10 billion cloud and AI campus in Richmond County on June 4, 2025. County economic-development material says the Energy Way site near Hamlet is zoned heavy industrial, will be powered by Duke Energy, and expected site preparation to begin by the end of 2025, while local reporting records up to 20 buildings and an incentive agreement requiring at least 50 jobs and $1 billion by 2030. The reviewed record establishes announcement and intent; no permit, mobilization, or energization record was reviewed.
What Duke Energy service agreement, MW envelope, and interval load apply, and is any of the campus tied to Project Rainier or Trainium deployments?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
North Carolina, EDPNC, and Amazon announced a $10 billion cloud and AI campus in Richmond County on June 4, 2025. County economic-development material says the Energy Way site near Hamlet is zoned heavy industrial, will be powered by Duke Energy, and expected site preparation to begin by the end of 2025, while local reporting records up to 20 buildings and an incentive agreement requiring at least 50 jobs and $1 billion by 2030. The reviewed record establishes announcement and intent; no permit, mobilization, or energization record was reviewed.
What water allocation, meter, and discharge records define the verified-excess commitment?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
North Carolina, EDPNC, and Amazon announced a $10 billion cloud and AI campus in Richmond County on June 4, 2025. County economic-development material says the Energy Way site near Hamlet is zoned heavy industrial, will be powered by Duke Energy, and expected site preparation to begin by the end of 2025, while local reporting records up to 20 buildings and an incentive agreement requiring at least 50 jobs and $1 billion by 2030. The reviewed record establishes announcement and intent; no permit, mobilization, or energization record was reviewed.
Which grading, building, air (backup generator), and stormwater permits have been issued, and has construction mobilized on the first buildings?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 1, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The state announced a planned $3 billion Warren County campus and expected construction to begin in 2026. County overview material does not substitute for a parcel, environmental/building permit, mobilization or operating milestone.
What parcel, permit-holder, MDEQ/building permit and physical mobilization establish the exact project boundary?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 1, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The state announced a planned $3 billion Warren County campus and expected construction to begin in 2026. County overview material does not substitute for a parcel, environmental/building permit, mobilization or operating milestone.
What utility, service envelope, cooling and water design are ultimately approved?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
TeraWulf describes the Abernathy Joint Venture as a 168 MW critical-IT AI data center campus in Abernathy, Texas and in July 2026 agreed to sell its entire 50.1% interest to a Fluidstack-led investor group for about $530 million, with Fluidstack continuing to lead the project. Anthropic’s $50 billion program names Texas and Fluidstack but not Abernathy, and no reviewed primary record names the Abernathy tenant, a construction start, an interconnection, or an in-service date.
Did the TeraWulf interest sale close, and which entity owns and operates the campus afterward?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
TeraWulf describes the Abernathy Joint Venture as a 168 MW critical-IT AI data center campus in Abernathy, Texas and in July 2026 agreed to sell its entire 50.1% interest to a Fluidstack-led investor group for about $530 million, with Fluidstack continuing to lead the project. Anthropic’s $50 billion program names Texas and Fluidstack but not Abernathy, and no reviewed primary record names the Abernathy tenant, a construction start, an interconnection, or an in-service date.
What interconnection, utility service, construction, and in-service records exist for the 168 MW design?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
TeraWulf describes the Abernathy Joint Venture as a 168 MW critical-IT AI data center campus in Abernathy, Texas and in July 2026 agreed to sell its entire 50.1% interest to a Fluidstack-led investor group for about $530 million, with Fluidstack continuing to lead the project. Anthropic’s $50 billion program names Texas and Fluidstack but not Abernathy, and no reviewed primary record names the Abernathy tenant, a construction start, an interconnection, or an in-service date.
Which tenant, if any, has leased Abernathy, and does the Anthropic–Fluidstack Texas program refer to this site?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Nov 1, 2024 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced a US$1 billion Thailand investment covering a Chonburi data center and a Bangkok cloud region on September 30, 2024, and the Board of Investment approved a 32.8 billion baht investment by Alphabet subsidiary Quartz Computing Co., Ltd. for a hyperscale data center in Chonburi on November 1, 2024. Investment promotion is not a permit, construction start, or operation, and the early-2027 opening reported by journalism is a forecast. Secondary aggregator sites claim a January 2026 launch without a reviewed primary record, so the status stays at announced.
What MW, cooling design, and water source are specified, and which utility will serve the site?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Nov 1, 2024 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced a US$1 billion Thailand investment covering a Chonburi data center and a Bangkok cloud region on September 30, 2024, and the Board of Investment approved a 32.8 billion baht investment by Alphabet subsidiary Quartz Computing Co., Ltd. for a hyperscale data center in Chonburi on November 1, 2024. Investment promotion is not a permit, construction start, or operation, and the early-2027 opening reported by journalism is a forecast. Secondary aggregator sites claim a January 2026 launch without a reviewed primary record, so the status stays at announced.
What primary record, if any, establishes a service-entry or live-operation date?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Nov 1, 2024 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced a US$1 billion Thailand investment covering a Chonburi data center and a Bangkok cloud region on September 30, 2024, and the Board of Investment approved a 32.8 billion baht investment by Alphabet subsidiary Quartz Computing Co., Ltd. for a hyperscale data center in Chonburi on November 1, 2024. Investment promotion is not a permit, construction start, or operation, and the early-2027 opening reported by journalism is a forecast. Secondary aggregator sites claim a January 2026 launch without a reviewed primary record, so the status stays at announced.
Which Thai building, environmental, and electricity-connection approvals have been issued for the Chonburi site, and has construction started?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google and Intersect announced construction of the Meitner Energy Center on June 4, 2026, which includes a new data center to be built directly alongside more than a gigawatt of wind, solar, and storage with minority on-site gas firming; Intersect lists the energy center as in construction. Google’s locations page treats the Pampa-area campus as a 2026 announcement. The reviewed record establishes energy-center construction and a planned data center, not data-center construction, energization, or compute.
What MW of load, gas-firming capacity, and grid interconnection (SPP or ERCOT) apply?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google and Intersect announced construction of the Meitner Energy Center on June 4, 2026, which includes a new data center to be built directly alongside more than a gigawatt of wind, solar, and storage with minority on-site gas firming; Intersect lists the energy center as in construction. Google’s locations page treats the Pampa-area campus as a 2026 announcement. The reviewed record establishes energy-center construction and a planned data center, not data-center construction, energization, or compute.
When does the data center itself receive permits, mobilize, energize, and enter production, separately from the energy center?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SB Energy’s September 2026 S-1 says it has executed a definitive OpenAI lease for the campus, which is not yet under construction, and that none of its data-center capacity is in operation. NVIDIA and SB Energy announced the lease and NVIDIA credit support on August 17, 2026, AEP Ohio announced 765 kV transmission plans on March 20, 2026 that still require Ohio Power Siting Board approval, and the project site describes a 2026 construction start as a plan. Contracted GW-IT, planned gas generation, and transmission investment are not construction, energization, or compute.
What water source, cooling design, and withdrawal or discharge permits apply to the campus?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SB Energy’s September 2026 S-1 says it has executed a definitive OpenAI lease for the campus, which is not yet under construction, and that none of its data-center capacity is in operation. NVIDIA and SB Energy announced the lease and NVIDIA credit support on August 17, 2026, AEP Ohio announced 765 kV transmission plans on March 20, 2026 that still require Ohio Power Siting Board approval, and the project site describes a 2026 construction start as a plan. Contracted GW-IT, planned gas generation, and transmission investment are not construction, energization, or compute.
Which Ohio Power Siting Board, PUCO, air, water, and land-transfer approvals have been filed or issued for the campus, its 765 kV lines, and the planned gas generation, and when does physical construction begin?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SB Energy’s September 2026 S-1 says it has executed a definitive OpenAI lease for the campus, which is not yet under construction, and that none of its data-center capacity is in operation. NVIDIA and SB Energy announced the lease and NVIDIA credit support on August 17, 2026, AEP Ohio announced 765 kV transmission plans on March 20, 2026 that still require Ohio Power Siting Board approval, and the project site describes a 2026 construction start as a plan. Contracted GW-IT, planned gas generation, and transmission investment are not construction, energization, or compute.
Which building tranche, MW, accelerator delivery, and AEP service milestone marks first energization and the first OpenAI workload in 2028?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 27, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
OpenAI describes Project Camellia as a data center it is designing and developing on a 1,400-acre site at the Savannah Gateway Industrial Hub. Georgia Power’s service agreement for up to 3,200 MW delivered in phases from 2028 through 2032 cleared Public Service Commission staff review without objection in late August 2026, and the county describes a five-phase PILOT schedule with payments beginning in 2027. A cleared power contract and county revenue projections are not permits, construction, energization, or compute.
What do Georgia Power’s executed contract, phased ramp schedule, demand-response terms, and future interval meters show for each phase?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 27, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
OpenAI describes Project Camellia as a data center it is designing and developing on a 1,400-acre site at the Savannah Gateway Industrial Hub. Georgia Power’s service agreement for up to 3,200 MW delivered in phases from 2028 through 2032 cleared Public Service Commission staff review without objection in late August 2026, and the county describes a five-phase PILOT schedule with payments beginning in 2027. A cleared power contract and county revenue projections are not permits, construction, energization, or compute.
Which rezoning, PILOT, site-development, air, and water permits have been issued, and when does construction start on the first phase?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 27, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
OpenAI describes Project Camellia as a data center it is designing and developing on a 1,400-acre site at the Savannah Gateway Industrial Hub. Georgia Power’s service agreement for up to 3,200 MW delivered in phases from 2028 through 2032 cleared Public Service Commission staff review without objection in late August 2026, and the county describes a five-phase PILOT schedule with payments beginning in 2027. A cleared power contract and county revenue projections are not permits, construction, energization, or compute.
Which surface-water source, treatment plant, and withdrawal or discharge permits will serve the closed-loop system?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Pure DC announced on July 14, 2026 a 110 MW phase 1 on a 370-acre Seinäjoki site scalable to 550 MW+, stating that phase 1 is fully leased, that all planning permissions and power requirements are secured, and that a substation for the first data hall is constructed and live. These are company claims; no municipal permit, tenant, construction-start, or delivery-date record was reviewed, so the campus is not promoted beyond announced.
What electricity supplier, contracted capacity, and district-heating connection will serve the campus?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Pure DC announced on July 14, 2026 a 110 MW phase 1 on a 370-acre Seinäjoki site scalable to 550 MW+, stating that phase 1 is fully leased, that all planning permissions and power requirements are secured, and that a substation for the first data hall is constructed and live. These are company claims; no municipal permit, tenant, construction-start, or delivery-date record was reviewed, so the campus is not promoted beyond announced.
Which Seinäjoki zoning and building permits, grid-connection agreements, and substation records support the company’s “secured” claims?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Pure DC announced on July 14, 2026 a 110 MW phase 1 on a 370-acre Seinäjoki site scalable to 550 MW+, stating that phase 1 is fully leased, that all planning permissions and power requirements are secured, and that a substation for the first data hall is constructed and live. These are company claims; no municipal permit, tenant, construction-start, or delivery-date record was reviewed, so the campus is not promoted beyond announced.
Who is the phase-1 tenant, and what construction-start and delivery dates apply to the first 40 MW module?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 10, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Riot’s August 2026 results announce a 20-year, $9.1 billion lease of a 191 MW critical-IT build-to-suit Tier 3 data center at its Rockdale campus to one of the world’s leading frontier AI labs, with 96 IT MW expected in December 2027 and the full 191 IT MW by June 2028, using the campus’s existing approved interconnection and a $573 million interim financing facility. Bloomberg, as cited by the Austin American-Statesman, identified the tenant as Anthropic; neither company has confirmed. The existing Rockdale site is a bitcoin-mining campus, and the leased data center is not built.
How is the leased load separated from mining load in ERCOT registration, metering, and demand-response participation?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 10, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Riot’s August 2026 results announce a 20-year, $9.1 billion lease of a 191 MW critical-IT build-to-suit Tier 3 data center at its Rockdale campus to one of the world’s leading frontier AI labs, with 96 IT MW expected in December 2027 and the full 191 IT MW by June 2028, using the campus’s existing approved interconnection and a $573 million interim financing facility. Bloomberg, as cited by the Austin American-Statesman, identified the tenant as Anthropic; neither company has confirmed. The existing Rockdale site is a bitcoin-mining campus, and the leased data center is not built.
What building, electrical, interconnection-modification, and commissioning records support the December 2027 and June 2028 delivery dates?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 10, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Riot’s August 2026 results announce a 20-year, $9.1 billion lease of a 191 MW critical-IT build-to-suit Tier 3 data center at its Rockdale campus to one of the world’s leading frontier AI labs, with 96 IT MW expected in December 2027 and the full 191 IT MW by June 2028, using the campus’s existing approved interconnection and a $573 million interim financing facility. Bloomberg, as cited by the Austin American-Statesman, identified the tenant as Anthropic; neither company has confirmed. The existing Rockdale site is a bitcoin-mining campus, and the leased data center is not built.
Which company is the lessee, and has either party confirmed the reported Anthropic identification?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SoftBank Corp. announced in June 2024 a data center on about 440,000 m² of the former Sharp Sakai plant with over 150 MW initially and over 400 MW expected, reusing existing power and cooling facilities, with construction targeted for autumn 2024 and full-scale operation in 2025. On January 1, 2026 the company said the Sakai and Tomakomai sites would begin operations sequentially during 2026, which shows the original 2025 target elapsed without a reviewed operating record. No reviewed dated record confirms a construction start, so the status stays at announced rather than under construction. A later company reference to GB200 NVL72 in Japan-based data centers does not name Sakai.
How many GPUs, of which generation, are installed at Sakai as opposed to other SoftBank Japan sites?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SoftBank Corp. announced in June 2024 a data center on about 440,000 m² of the former Sharp Sakai plant with over 150 MW initially and over 400 MW expected, reusing existing power and cooling facilities, with construction targeted for autumn 2024 and full-scale operation in 2025. On January 1, 2026 the company said the Sakai and Tomakomai sites would begin operations sequentially during 2026, which shows the original 2025 target elapsed without a reviewed operating record. No reviewed dated record confirms a construction start, so the status stays at announced rather than under construction. A later company reference to GB200 NVL72 in Japan-based data centers does not name Sakai.
What electricity supplier, contracted capacity, and cooling water arrangements serve the reused plant infrastructure?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SoftBank Corp. announced in June 2024 a data center on about 440,000 m² of the former Sharp Sakai plant with over 150 MW initially and over 400 MW expected, reusing existing power and cooling facilities, with construction targeted for autumn 2024 and full-scale operation in 2025. On January 1, 2026 the company said the Sakai and Tomakomai sites would begin operations sequentially during 2026, which shows the original 2025 target elapsed without a reviewed operating record. No reviewed dated record confirms a construction start, so the status stays at announced rather than under construction. A later company reference to GB200 NVL72 in Japan-based data centers does not name Sakai.
Which construction, occupancy, and commissioning records establish when the first Sakai phase energized and began serving compute?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 10, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Sur Energy and OpenAI signed a letter of intent for a data-center project of up to 500 MW and $25 billion at full scale, announced by the Argentine government on October 10, 2025 and framed as a Patagonia project under the RIGI investment regime. By May 28, 2026, reporting quoted the Economy Ministry saying the project had not been presented under RIGI and no site, contract, financing, or permit had been disclosed. A letter of intent is not a site, permit, or construction record.
Has any RIGI application, site option, provincial permit, or grid-connection request been filed for Stargate Argentina, and by which legal entity?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 10, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Sur Energy and OpenAI signed a letter of intent for a data-center project of up to 500 MW and $25 billion at full scale, announced by the Argentine government on October 10, 2025 and framed as a Patagonia project under the RIGI investment regime. By May 28, 2026, reporting quoted the Economy Ministry saying the project had not been presented under RIGI and no site, contract, financing, or permit had been disclosed. A letter of intent is not a site, permit, or construction record.
What binding agreement, if any, replaces the October 2025 letter of intent, and does OpenAI hold a capacity contract?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 10, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Sur Energy and OpenAI signed a letter of intent for a data-center project of up to 500 MW and $25 billion at full scale, announced by the Argentine government on October 10, 2025 and framed as a Patagonia project under the RIGI investment regime. By May 28, 2026, reporting quoted the Economy Ministry saying the project had not been presented under RIGI and no site, contract, financing, or permit had been disclosed. A letter of intent is not a site, permit, or construction record.
Which generation, transmission, and water resources would serve a Patagonian site, and under what approvals?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 1, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SK Group recorded an SK Telecom MOU with OpenAI on October 1, 2025 to collaborate on an AI data center in the southwest region of Korea as part of “Stargate Korea”. Journalism places the site in Jeollanam-do with 20 MW of initial capacity, and February 2026 reporting said the construction timeline was still under review. An MOU and reported province are not a site, permit, contract, or construction record.
Has the MOU become a binding agreement with a capacity contract, and what is the first-phase MW and schedule?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 1, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SK Group recorded an SK Telecom MOU with OpenAI on October 1, 2025 to collaborate on an AI data center in the southwest region of Korea as part of “Stargate Korea”. Journalism places the site in Jeollanam-do with 20 MW of initial capacity, and February 2026 reporting said the construction timeline was still under review. An MOU and reported province are not a site, permit, contract, or construction record.
Which electricity supply, cooling, and water arrangements would serve the site?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 1, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SK Group recorded an SK Telecom MOU with OpenAI on October 1, 2025 to collaborate on an AI data center in the southwest region of Korea as part of “Stargate Korea”. Journalism places the site in Jeollanam-do with 20 MW of initial capacity, and February 2026 reporting said the construction timeline was still under review. An MOU and reported province are not a site, permit, contract, or construction record.
Which site, legal owner, permit, and grid-connection request define the southwest Stargate Korea data center?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 15, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
The OpenAI offtake was exploratory and later paused, and the UK government said Cobalt Park was discussing alternative offtakers. A later ministerial answer describes OpenAI’s program-wide Stargate UK decision as a pause during a global infrastructure recalibration rather than termination or a UK-specific decision, but does not name Cobalt Park. No reviewed record shows Cobalt-specific resumed offtake, a substitute customer, Stargate construction, commissioning, or operating compute.
Has OpenAI or another named customer executed a Cobalt Park GPU-offtake agreement, and what site-specific model and quantity does it allocate?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 15, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
The OpenAI offtake was exploratory and later paused, and the UK government said Cobalt Park was discussing alternative offtakers. A later ministerial answer describes OpenAI’s program-wide Stargate UK decision as a pause during a global infrastructure recalibration rather than termination or a UK-specific decision, but does not name Cobalt Park. No reviewed record shows Cobalt-specific resumed offtake, a substitute customer, Stargate construction, commissioning, or operating compute.
What Stargate-specific power-service, meter, cooling design, water-source, permit, and consumption records exist apart from the incumbent Stellium campus?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 15, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
The OpenAI offtake was exploratory and later paused, and the UK government said Cobalt Park was discussing alternative offtakers. A later ministerial answer describes OpenAI’s program-wide Stargate UK decision as a pause during a global infrastructure recalibration rather than termination or a UK-specific decision, but does not name Cobalt Park. No reviewed record shows Cobalt-specific resumed offtake, a substitute customer, Stargate construction, commissioning, or operating compute.
What dated contract amendment, notice to proceed, or substitute offtake would resolve the government’s pause framing into a current project state?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 15, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
The OpenAI offtake was exploratory and later paused, and the UK government said Cobalt Park was discussing alternative offtakers. A later ministerial answer describes OpenAI’s program-wide Stargate UK decision as a pause during a global infrastructure recalibration rather than termination or a UK-specific decision, but does not name Cobalt Park. No reviewed record shows Cobalt-specific resumed offtake, a substitute customer, Stargate construction, commissioning, or operating compute.
Which exact Cobalt building or parcel is under a Stargate contract, and what dated planning, construction, commissioning, or acceptance records apply?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
TeraWulf reports a 20-year lease with Anthropic for approximately 401 MW of critical IT capacity at the Justified Data Campus, with initial delivery expected in the second half of 2027 and full delivery by early 2028, and describes the campus as having access to up to about 480 MW of gross power, an energized on-site substation, existing high-voltage transmission, and more than 250 buildable acres. A lease, substation, and acreage are not building permits, construction, or delivered compute.
What building, electrical, air, and water permits, construction mobilization, and utility service agreements support the second-half-2027 delivery?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
TeraWulf reports a 20-year lease with Anthropic for approximately 401 MW of critical IT capacity at the Justified Data Campus, with initial delivery expected in the second half of 2027 and full delivery by early 2028, and describes the campus as having access to up to about 480 MW of gross power, an energized on-site substation, existing high-voltage transmission, and more than 250 buildable acres. A lease, substation, and acreage are not building permits, construction, or delivered compute.
Which Anthropic models, accelerators, and quantities will be allocated to Hawesville rather than Anthropic’s broader portfolio?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
TeraWulf reports a 20-year lease with Anthropic for approximately 401 MW of critical IT capacity at the Justified Data Campus, with initial delivery expected in the second half of 2027 and full delivery by early 2028, and describes the campus as having access to up to about 480 MW of gross power, an energized on-site substation, existing high-voltage transmission, and more than 250 buildable acres. A lease, substation, and acreage are not building permits, construction, or delivered compute.
Which utility, substation rating, and interval records define the 480 MW gross-power claim, and what generation mix physically serves it?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced the Armstrong County campus in November 2025 as part of a $40 billion Texas program and in June 2026 described data centers under construction in Armstrong, Haskell, and Wilbarger Counties. Local reporting says the site covers about 1,300 acres near Claude, that Crusoe has built since May 2025, and that completion is expected in late 2028 or early 2029, while Google’s living locations page still labels the campus planned. Construction is not energization or compute.
What accelerator, model, and workload allocation, if any, is site-bound rather than fleet-level?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced the Armstrong County campus in November 2025 as part of a $40 billion Texas program and in June 2026 described data centers under construction in Armstrong, Haskell, and Wilbarger Counties. Local reporting says the site covers about 1,300 acres near Claude, that Crusoe has built since May 2025, and that completion is expected in late 2028 or early 2029, while Google’s living locations page still labels the campus planned. Construction is not energization or compute.
What as-built cooling design and metered water apply?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced the Armstrong County campus in November 2025 as part of a $40 billion Texas program and in June 2026 described data centers under construction in Armstrong, Haskell, and Wilbarger Counties. Local reporting says the site covers about 1,300 acres near Claude, that Crusoe has built since May 2025, and that completion is expected in late 2028 or early 2029, while Google’s living locations page still labels the campus planned. Construction is not energization or compute.
Which parcels, building permits, and ERCOT interconnection records define the campus, and what MW is requested?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google’s current location page labels the site under development, and Uruguay’s presidency described it as under construction during an April 2026 visit. No reviewed record establishes a commissioned compute phase.
What do UTE and Parque de las Ciencias records show about electric service, interval load, cooling water, commissioning fill, potable use, wastewater, withdrawal, and consumption?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google’s current location page labels the site under development, and Uruguay’s presidency described it as under construction during an April 2026 visit. No reviewed record establishes a commissioned compute phase.
What facility and critical-IT MW, transformer ratings, modular energization dates, installed accelerators, and named model or product allocations apply at Canelones?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google’s current location page labels the site under development, and Uruguay’s presidency described it as under construction during an April 2026 visit. No reviewed record establishes a commissioned compute phase.
Which operational authorization, occupancy record, UTE first-load record, or Google commissioning notice establishes the first live compute phase at Canelones?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 28, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
The first 49-acre facility’s powered shell and core was completed and handed to Pearl Computing on April 1, 2026. Sime Darby Property later said the 20-year hyperscale lease came on stream in April 2026, corroborating that property chronology. Neither shell handover nor economic lease commencement establishes tenant IT commissioning or production compute, and both sharpen rather than resolve Air Selangor’s conflicting statement that a Google data center operated in 2025.
What do title, lease, affiliate, and design records show about the first 49-acre facility’s owner, lessor, lessee, Google relationship, and gross or critical-IT capacity?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 28, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
The first 49-acre facility’s powered shell and core was completed and handed to Pearl Computing on April 1, 2026. Sime Darby Property later said the 20-year hyperscale lease came on stream in April 2026, corroborating that property chronology. Neither shell handover nor economic lease commencement establishes tenant IT commissioning or production compute, and both sharpen rather than resolve Air Selangor’s conflicting statement that a Google data center operated in 2025.
What legal and technical milestones did “lease came on stream” include, and did any occur after shell handover but before tenant fit-out, TNB first energy, or production acceptance?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 28, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
The first 49-acre facility’s powered shell and core was completed and handed to Pearl Computing on April 1, 2026. Sime Darby Property later said the 20-year hyperscale lease came on stream in April 2026, corroborating that property chronology. Neither shell handover nor economic lease commencement establishes tenant IT commissioning or production compute, and both sharpen rather than resolve Air Selangor’s conflicting statement that a Google data center operated in 2025.
Which chips, models and workloads are site-bound at the first Elmina facility, and what do TNB, PPA, and Air Selangor records show about physical power and measured water?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 28, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
The first 49-acre facility’s powered shell and core was completed and handed to Pearl Computing on April 1, 2026. Sime Darby Property later said the 20-year hyperscale lease came on stream in April 2026, corroborating that property chronology. Neither shell handover nor economic lease commencement establishes tenant IT commissioning or production compute, and both sharpen rather than resolve Air Selangor’s conflicting statement that a Google data center operated in 2025.
Which tenant fit-out, occupancy, TNB first-energy, or Google commissioning record reconciles the April 2026 shell handover with Air Selangor’s statement that a data center operated in 2025?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google and Intersect say the Haskell County data center recently began construction as of June 4, 2026 and that Intersect’s co-located Quantum project of 640 MW solar and 1.3 GWh storage begins operations that month. Google announced two Haskell County data centers in November 2025; only the Quantum-co-located campus is materialized here. Co-location and generation operation are not data-center energization or compute.
What share of hourly demand is physically served by co-located solar, storage, and on-site gas versus the grid?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google and Intersect say the Haskell County data center recently began construction as of June 4, 2026 and that Intersect’s co-located Quantum project of 640 MW solar and 1.3 GWh storage begins operations that month. Google announced two Haskell County data centers in November 2025; only the Quantum-co-located campus is materialized here. Co-location and generation operation are not data-center energization or compute.
Where is the second announced Haskell County data center, and which records materialize it?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google and Intersect say the Haskell County data center recently began construction as of June 4, 2026 and that Intersect’s co-located Quantum project of 640 MW solar and 1.3 GWh storage begins operations that month. Google announced two Haskell County data centers in November 2025; only the Quantum-co-located campus is materialized here. Co-location and generation operation are not data-center energization or compute.
Which building permits, interconnection records, and utility service define the data-center load separately from Quantum’s generation?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 14, 2024 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Google said construction began in 2023 and projected operation in 2025. No reviewed 2025–2026 primary record confirms live operation, so the expired target does not promote the campus. The City GIS layer must be feature-matched before it can update status.
What occupancy, commissioning, first-load or Google live-service record resolves the elapsed 2025 target?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 14, 2024 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Google said construction began in 2023 and projected operation in 2025. No reviewed 2025–2026 primary record confirms live operation, so the expired target does not promote the campus. The City GIS layer must be feature-matched before it can update status.
Which exact City GIS feature and parcel belong to Google/Redale, and what current status does it report?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 13, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Skien records Google’s February 2024 build decision, while NVE and pollution-control records establish construction power and permitted building-support systems. Building 2 remains at electrical authorization and pollution-permit-hearing stages. None of these records establishes occupancy, first load, or production compute.
What as-built cooling system and measured withdrawal, consumption, and discharge apply to each building?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 13, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Skien records Google’s February 2024 build decision, while NVE and pollution-control records establish construction power and permitted building-support systems. Building 2 remains at electrical authorization and pollution-permit-hearing stages. None of these records establishes occupancy, first load, or production compute.
What occupancy, commissioning, first-load, and production-traffic records establish each building milestone?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 28, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced a $15 billion, 2026–2030 gigawatt-scale AI hub in October 2025 and reported a groundbreaking at Tarluvada on April 28, 2026 that it describes as the start of construction. Partners AdaniConneX and Nxtra by Airtel are named as developers. A groundbreaking is not a building, energization, or compute milestone, and “gigawatt-scale” is not a stated capacity.
What transmission, generation, and storage contracts are executed, and which utility will serve the hub?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 28, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced a $15 billion, 2026–2030 gigawatt-scale AI hub in October 2025 and reported a groundbreaking at Tarluvada on April 28, 2026 that it describes as the start of construction. Partners AdaniConneX and Nxtra by Airtel are named as developers. A groundbreaking is not a building, energization, or compute milestone, and “gigawatt-scale” is not a stated capacity.
Which building permits, land records, and interconnection filings define the first Visakhapatnam campus, its MW, and its owner and operator?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 28, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced a $15 billion, 2026–2030 gigawatt-scale AI hub in October 2025 and reported a groundbreaking at Tarluvada on April 28, 2026 that it describes as the start of construction. Partners AdaniConneX and Nxtra by Airtel are named as developers. A groundbreaking is not a building, energization, or compute milestone, and “gigawatt-scale” is not a stated capacity.
Which cooling design and water source apply, and what withdrawal or consumption is permitted?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 24, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google’s February 2026 announcement describes a Wilbarger County data center under construction alongside new clean power developed by AES, with advanced air-cooling limiting water to critical campus operations; Google’s June 2026 statement repeats that the Wilbarger campus is under construction. Investment, MW, timeline, and the AES project’s technology are not disclosed. Construction is not energization or compute.
What MW, interconnection, utility, and building-permit records define the campus, and when does it energize?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 24, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google’s February 2026 announcement describes a Wilbarger County data center under construction alongside new clean power developed by AES, with advanced air-cooling limiting water to critical campus operations; Google’s June 2026 statement repeats that the Wilbarger campus is under construction. Investment, MW, timeline, and the AES project’s technology are not disclosed. Construction is not energization or compute.
What is the AES project’s technology, capacity, and contractual relationship to the site’s hourly load?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 13, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta broke ground in December 2024 and expanded the planned campus to 5 GW of compute. Local reporting attributes a 2028 estimate for a portion to a Meta regional manager, but public LPSC records redact the initial load, service date, ramp, maximum demand, and load factor; no compute phase is publicly commissioned.
Request from Louisiana DCE every GW-01 or GW-1S notice or registration, well serial, aquifer, pumping-rate entry, order, and reported withdrawal for Laidley or Hyperion; from LDEQ and local authorities the permits, applications, discharge-monitoring reports, and Delhi water records; and from LPSC or Entergy the interval meters, ramp, substations, MISO node, curtailments, PPAs, and REC retirements for the site.
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 13, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta broke ground in December 2024 and expanded the planned campus to 5 GW of compute. Local reporting attributes a 2028 estimate for a portion to a Meta regional manager, but public LPSC records redact the initial load, service date, ramp, maximum demand, and load factor; no compute phase is publicly commissioned.
Request segregable public portions of the U-37425 electric-service-agreement schedules, amendments, and load studies showing first service, initial MW, ramp, maximum demand, load factor, and any delay notices.
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 13, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta broke ground in December 2024 and expanded the planned campus to 5 GW of compute. Local reporting attributes a 2028 estimate for a portion to a Meta regional manager, but public LPSC records redact the initial load, service date, ramp, maximum demand, and load factor; no compute phase is publicly commissioned.
Which chip vendors, products, quantities, named Llama generations, and workload shares—if any—will Meta allocate specifically to Hyperion rather than its global infrastructure portfolio?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Dec 11, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta broke ground in 2024. A utility report later said transmission facilities were substantially complete and feeders were scheduled to energize around December 15, 2025. Service readiness and feeder energization do not establish a consuming tenant load or production compute.
Did feeder energization lead to first load, commissioning or live traffic, and what do interval meters show?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Dec 11, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta broke ground in 2024. A utility report later said transmission facilities were substantially complete and feeders were scheduled to energize around December 15, 2025. Service readiness and feeder energization do not establish a consuming tenant load or production compute.
Did the Cordova project reach COD and how are energy and attributes settled without implying exclusive physical delivery?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 28, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta broke ground in October 2025 on an AI-optimized campus in Northeast El Paso that it says can scale to 1 GW, raised the stated investment from $1.5 billion to more than $10 billion in March 2026, and in July 2026 moved the campus into a venture 80% owned by BlackRock-managed funds that describes it as currently under construction with capacity expected to begin coming online in 2028. El Paso Matters photographed active construction in August 2026. Construction and a financing structure are not energization or compute.
What do El Paso Water meters show against the 2.5 million gallons per day maximum, and how much is cooling versus other use?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 28, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta broke ground in October 2025 on an AI-optimized campus in Northeast El Paso that it says can scale to 1 GW, raised the stated investment from $1.5 billion to more than $10 billion in March 2026, and in July 2026 moved the campus into a venture 80% owned by BlackRock-managed funds that describes it as currently under construction with capacity expected to begin coming online in 2028. El Paso Matters photographed active construction in August 2026. Construction and a financing structure are not energization or compute.
What is the PUCT status of the 366 MW McCloud generation facility and the cost-recovery terms after the bridge period?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 28, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta broke ground in October 2025 on an AI-optimized campus in Northeast El Paso that it says can scale to 1 GW, raised the stated investment from $1.5 billion to more than $10 billion in March 2026, and in July 2026 moved the campus into a venture 80% owned by BlackRock-managed funds that describes it as currently under construction with capacity expected to begin coming online in 2028. El Paso Matters photographed active construction in August 2026. Construction and a financing structure are not energization or compute.
Which buildings and MW reach energization and production compute first in 2028, and what interval load does El Paso Electric record?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 12, 2023 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta reported ramping construction in October 2023. A June 2026 TCEQ emissions registration for Stampede Data Center is a permit/certification milestone and does not establish occupancy, electric service or live traffic. Meta’s 2026 Texas overview still lists Temple as under construction with about 100 operational jobs once completed; no published live-traffic milestone was found.
Has Meta published an online or serving-traffic milestone for Temple, and which building does it cover?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 12, 2023 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta reported ramping construction in October 2023. A June 2026 TCEQ emissions registration for Stampede Data Center is a permit/certification milestone and does not establish occupancy, electric service or live traffic. Meta’s 2026 Texas overview still lists Temple as under construction with about 100 operational jobs once completed; no published live-traffic milestone was found.
Has any building received occupancy, electric service, commissioned compute or live traffic?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 12, 2023 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta reported ramping construction in October 2023. A June 2026 TCEQ emissions registration for Stampede Data Center is a permit/certification milestone and does not establish occupancy, electric service or live traffic. Meta’s 2026 Texas overview still lists Temple as under construction with about 100 operational jobs once completed; no published live-traffic milestone was found.
How are Rowan Stampede LLC and Meta legally related, and what equipment was actually installed under the certification?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 1, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Phase 1 construction began in late 2024 and a second building permit and second construction phase followed. Microsoft says completion is expected in late 2026 or 2027, with commissioning after construction. Fortum heat production at the site initially uses ambient air and electric boilers and does not establish live Microsoft compute.
When does each building receive occupancy, commissioning, first electric load and production compute?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 1, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Phase 1 construction began in late 2024 and a second building permit and second construction phase followed. Microsoft says completion is expected in late 2026 or 2027, with commissioning after construction. Fortum heat production at the site initially uses ambient air and electric boilers and does not establish live Microsoft compute.
When does measured Microsoft waste heat replace or supplement ambient-air and electric-boiler heat?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 6, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The first phase received a building permit and the later Microsoft update says phase 2 construction starts in 2026. The EIA page corrects a backup-generator typo from 15 MWel to 3.3 MWel each. Fortum heat-plant operation is not campus commissioning.
What are the as-built cooling and measured power, water and recovered-heat quantities?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 6, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The first phase received a building permit and the later Microsoft update says phase 2 construction starts in 2026. The EIA page corrects a backup-generator typo from 15 MWel to 3.3 MWel each. Fortum heat-plant operation is not campus commissioning.
Which phase has started physical construction, received occupancy, energized IT load, and entered production?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 28, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Preconstruction began in September 2024, a cornerstone was laid in May 2025, and a March 2026 building permit included a right to commence. These are construction milestones, not occupancy, commissioning or production compute.
What cooling topology and measured power and water quantities apply?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 28, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Preconstruction began in September 2024, a cornerstone was laid in May 2025, and a March 2026 building permit included a right to commence. These are construction milestones, not occupancy, commissioning or production compute.
When does each building receive occupancy, commissioning, first load and production compute?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Nebius says it will deliver dedicated capacity to Microsoft from a new Vineland data center; its project page describes construction under way by developer DataOne with a Bloom Energy fuel-cell power plan and operations expected by 2027, superseding the September 2025 later-this-year language. In August 2026 Vineland issued stop-work orders for LNG-tank and fuel-cell placement done before permits, and the planning board then approved phase 2 while the on-site power plan awaited approval. Construction and a Microsoft contract are not energization, fuel-cell operation, or compute.
What MW is actually energized, from which supply (fuel cells, grid, or both), and when does Microsoft’s dedicated capacity begin service?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Nebius says it will deliver dedicated capacity to Microsoft from a new Vineland data center; its project page describes construction under way by developer DataOne with a Bloom Energy fuel-cell power plan and operations expected by 2027, superseding the September 2025 later-this-year language. In August 2026 Vineland issued stop-work orders for LNG-tank and fuel-cell placement done before permits, and the planning board then approved phase 2 while the on-site power plan awaited approval. Construction and a Microsoft contract are not energization, fuel-cell operation, or compute.
What do city water meters show against the projected annual use?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Nebius says it will deliver dedicated capacity to Microsoft from a new Vineland data center; its project page describes construction under way by developer DataOne with a Bloom Energy fuel-cell power plan and operations expected by 2027, superseding the September 2025 later-this-year language. In August 2026 Vineland issued stop-work orders for LNG-tank and fuel-cell placement done before permits, and the planning board then approved phase 2 while the on-site power plan awaited approval. Construction and a Microsoft contract are not energization, fuel-cell operation, or compute.
Which permits and planning-board approvals now cover the LNG storage and Bloom fuel-cell plant, and when does on-site generation commission?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 10, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Township minutes document active AWS construction and four planned fan-cooled buildings. No reviewed source establishes compute commissioning. The revised front-of-meter power contract began in April 2026, but contract transition is not evidence that the buildings are operating.
What are the current contract ramp, PPL delivery node, meters, and Salem-specific offtake under the front-of-meter structure?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 10, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Township minutes document active AWS construction and four planned fan-cooled buildings. No reviewed source establishes compute commissioning. The revised front-of-meter power contract began in April 2026, but contract transition is not evidence that the buildings are operating.
What do SRBC meter plans and quarterly reports show for actual withdrawal, consumptive use, source, discharge, and peak-day water?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 10, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Township minutes document active AWS construction and four planned fan-cooled buildings. No reviewed source establishes compute commissioning. The revised front-of-meter power contract began in April 2026, but contract transition is not evidence that the buildings are operating.
Which building first receives occupancy approval, energized IT load, production workload, and a measured load interval?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 10, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Township minutes document active AWS construction and four planned fan-cooled buildings. No reviewed source establishes compute commissioning. The revised front-of-meter power contract began in April 2026, but contract transition is not evidence that the buildings are operating.
Which chips, models, customers, and workload shares are bound to PHL100 rather than the statewide AWS investment portfolio?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta describes Prometheus as underway and says it will reach its stated capacity once complete. It spans more than five conventional buildings, weatherproof tent structures, and adjacent colocation. The pre-existing New Albany campus is operational, but reviewed sources do not identify a commissioned Prometheus phase. New Albany records enumerate several Meta building shells and plan reviews; those physical records do not map one-to-one to the logical Prometheus cluster or prove a commissioned phase.
Did Socrates South enter commercial service, and what dated OPSB, air-permit, pipeline, or developer record resolves the internally inconsistent status evidence?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta describes Prometheus as underway and says it will reach its stated capacity once complete. It spans more than five conventional buildings, weatherproof tent structures, and adjacent colocation. The pre-existing New Albany campus is operational, but reviewed sources do not identify a commissioned Prometheus phase. New Albany records enumerate several Meta building shells and plan reviews; those physical records do not map one-to-one to the logical Prometheus cluster or prove a commissioned phase.
What AEP service agreement, tariff, ramp, delivery node, meter, and interval-load records apply to each Prometheus phase?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta describes Prometheus as underway and says it will reach its stated capacity once complete. It spans more than five conventional buildings, weatherproof tent structures, and adjacent colocation. The pre-existing New Albany campus is operational, but reviewed sources do not identify a commissioned Prometheus phase. New Albany records enumerate several Meta building shells and plan reviews; those physical records do not map one-to-one to the logical Prometheus cluster or prove a commissioned phase.
What cooling topology and measured monthly withdrawal, consumption, discharge, source, and peak-day water apply specifically to Prometheus?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta describes Prometheus as underway and says it will reach its stated capacity once complete. It spans more than five conventional buildings, weatherproof tent structures, and adjacent colocation. The pre-existing New Albany campus is operational, but reviewed sources do not identify a commissioned Prometheus phase. New Albany records enumerate several Meta building shells and plan reviews; those physical records do not map one-to-one to the logical Prometheus cluster or prove a commissioned phase.
Which Prometheus building or colocation phase first receives occupancy, electric service, commissioned compute, and a production workload?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta describes Prometheus as underway and says it will reach its stated capacity once complete. It spans more than five conventional buildings, weatherproof tent structures, and adjacent colocation. The pre-existing New Albany campus is operational, but reviewed sources do not identify a commissioned Prometheus phase. New Albany records enumerate several Meta building shells and plan reviews; those physical records do not map one-to-one to the logical Prometheus cluster or prove a commissioned phase.
Which named New Albany buildings and colocation phases, if any, does Meta allocate to Prometheus, and when do they receive occupancy and production load?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 29, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SK Group and AWS announced the Ulsan AI data center in June 2025 with operations scheduled to begin by 2027, and a groundbreaking ceremony on August 29, 2025 was reported by journalism with named SK, AWS Korea, and city officials. SK Telecom’s November 2025 release plans expansion to 1 GW-scale capacity and an LNG power plant with integrated cooling. A reported ceremony and a 1 GW plan are not permits, building completion, energization, or compute.
What LNG generation, grid interconnection, and cooling water arrangements are permitted and contracted for the campus?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 29, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SK Group and AWS announced the Ulsan AI data center in June 2025 with operations scheduled to begin by 2027, and a groundbreaking ceremony on August 29, 2025 was reported by journalism with named SK, AWS Korea, and city officials. SK Telecom’s November 2025 release plans expansion to 1 GW-scale capacity and an LNG power plant with integrated cooling. A reported ceremony and a 1 GW plan are not permits, building completion, energization, or compute.
Which accelerators and quantities are ordered or installed, and which AWS or SK workloads are bound to Ulsan?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 29, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SK Group and AWS announced the Ulsan AI data center in June 2025 with operations scheduled to begin by 2027, and a groundbreaking ceremony on August 29, 2025 was reported by journalism with named SK, AWS Korea, and city officials. SK Telecom’s November 2025 release plans expansion to 1 GW-scale capacity and an LNG power plant with integrated cooling. A reported ceremony and a 1 GW plan are not permits, building completion, energization, or compute.
Which building permits, phase MW, and energization dates apply to the first Ulsan phase, and what does the AWS lease cover?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 7, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Construction remains established. Nscale/Nordkraft announced Nordscale Operations to manage Narvik facilities, with its legal name registered August 7. “Begin operations in 2026” is company/facility-management activity, not compute. Microsoft targets 2027 while Statnett schedules the 420 kV path for 2029; interim or phased service is unresolved, so no failure or energization is inferred.
When are the contracted Vera Rubin systems delivered, accepted, energized, and operating, and what is the installed count?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 7, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Construction remains established. Nscale/Nordkraft announced Nordscale Operations to manage Narvik facilities, with its legal name registered August 7. “Begin operations in 2026” is company/facility-management activity, not compute. Microsoft targets 2027 while Statnett schedules the 420 kV path for 2029; interim or phased service is unresolved, so no failure or energization is inferred.
Which Nordscale Operations service milestone corresponds to facility management, first energy, customer acceptance, and production compute, respectively?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 7, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Construction remains established. Nscale/Nordkraft announced Nordscale Operations to manage Narvik facilities, with its legal name registered August 7. “Begin operations in 2026” is company/facility-management activity, not compute. Microsoft targets 2027 while Statnett schedules the 420 kV path for 2029; interim or phased service is unresolved, so no failure or energization is inferred.
Which legal entity now owns each land, building, and compute asset after the joint-venture roll-up?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 7, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Construction remains established. Nscale/Nordkraft announced Nordscale Operations to manage Narvik facilities, with its legal name registered August 7. “Begin operations in 2026” is company/facility-management activity, not compute. Microsoft targets 2027 while Statnett schedules the 420 kV path for 2029; interim or phased service is unresolved, so no failure or energization is inferred.
Who sells the electricity, what do interval meters show, and what final cooling design, water permits, and water readings apply?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 7, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Construction remains established. Nscale/Nordkraft announced Nordscale Operations to manage Narvik facilities, with its legal name registered August 7. “Begin operations in 2026” is company/facility-management activity, not compute. Microsoft targets 2027 while Statnett schedules the 420 kV path for 2029; interim or phased service is unresolved, so no failure or energization is inferred.
Will the 2027 Microsoft phase use interim 132 kV service, a revised 420 kV schedule, or another arrangement before Statnett’s stated 2029 capability?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 13, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
G42 and ALEC records describe the first 200 MW phase as under construction. Structural, MEP, procurement, and mechanical-delivery milestones do not establish accelerator delivery, energization, commissioning acceptance, or operating compute.
What SG1-specific power-service, accelerator purchase/delivery, water-source, permit, and meter records can be separated from the broader 2 GW utility scheme?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 13, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
G42 and ALEC records describe the first 200 MW phase as under construction. Structural, MEP, procurement, and mechanical-delivery milestones do not establish accelerator delivery, energization, commissioning acceptance, or operating compute.
What dated utility, commissioning, customer-acceptance, and first-compute records prove any portion of SG1 entered service?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 13, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
G42 and ALEC records describe the first 200 MW phase as under construction. Structural, MEP, procurement, and mechanical-delivery milestones do not establish accelerator delivery, energization, commissioning acceptance, or operating compute.
Which executed operating agreements and GB300 purchase, delivery, installation, and acceptance records convert G42’s launch commitments into current site facts?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 13, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
G42 and ALEC records describe the first 200 MW phase as under construction. Structural, MEP, procurement, and mechanical-delivery milestones do not establish accelerator delivery, energization, commissioning acceptance, or operating compute.
Which legal entities own the land, buildings, electrical/cooling plant, and compute, and which entity will operate the completed facility?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 27, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Oracle says Project Jupiter construction continued after its April 2026 microgrid redesign. The onsite-generation air application remained under review, and no energized compute phase is asserted.
What final order, enforceable unit count, construction notification, Title V status, first-operation record, and county occupancy milestone results from YGI Microgrid NSR 10883, and how does each generation MW tranche differ from critical IT?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 27, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Oracle says Project Jupiter construction continued after its April 2026 microgrid redesign. The onsite-generation air application remained under review, and no energized compute phase is asserted.
Which accelerator vendor, generation, rack configuration, quantity, purchase commitment, delivery/acceptance date, and named model workload is allocated to each Project Jupiter data-center building?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 27, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Oracle says Project Jupiter construction continued after its April 2026 microgrid redesign. The onsite-generation air application remained under review, and no energized compute phase is asserted.
Who owns the contracted industrial-water rights and wells, what OSE/CRRUA/County approvals and volumes apply, and what do meters show separately for office potable use, cooling, fuel-cell fill/top-offs, consumption, and discharge?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 6, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Municipal records describe a small engineering/design and customer-demonstration proof of concept, not a working or large-scale AI data center. Foxconn’s later testimony says Lordstown manufactures palletized data-center components for shipment by rail and repeats that the site is not a full-scale data center. Factory expansion, substation, water, and storage infrastructure are not evidence of onsite AI compute.
Has the Lordstown proof-of-concept space—not a large-scale data center—received occupancy, electrical, fire, and equipment acceptance, and what non-production demonstration capability is actually installed?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 6, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Municipal records describe a small engineering/design and customer-demonstration proof of concept, not a working or large-scale AI data center. Foxconn’s later testimony says Lordstown manufactures palletized data-center components for shipment by rail and repeats that the site is not a full-scale data center. Factory expansion, substation, water, and storage infrastructure are not evidence of onsite AI compute.
What exact incremental facility and IT load is approved or installed at Lordstown, and what SoftBank/OpenAI records define its “very small percentage” of the superseded combined 1.5 GW claim without subtracting Milam’s later 1.2 GW lease?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 6, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Municipal records describe a small engineering/design and customer-demonstration proof of concept, not a working or large-scale AI data center. Foxconn’s later testimony says Lordstown manufactures palletized data-center components for shipment by rail and repeats that the site is not a full-scale data center. Factory expansion, substation, water, and storage infrastructure are not evidence of onsite AI compute.
What separately metered energy and water support component manufacturing, the proof-of-concept demonstration, and any future compute, without allocating factory use to model inference?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 6, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Municipal records describe a small engineering/design and customer-demonstration proof of concept, not a working or large-scale AI data center. Foxconn’s later testimony says Lordstown manufactures palletized data-center components for shipment by rail and repeats that the site is not a full-scale data center. Factory expansion, substation, water, and storage infrastructure are not evidence of onsite AI compute.
Which existing factory electric and water accounts, feeders, meters, and providers serve the proof of concept, and what records separate its incremental demand, withdrawals, consumption, and discharge from the wider Foxconn facility?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 10, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SB Energy describes the Milam campus as under construction, and state records identify registered first and second phases. Neither the accessibility filings nor tax qualification establishes commissioned compute or delivered load. SB Energy’s September 2026 S-1 lists Milam County Buildings 1 (308 MW-IT) and 2 (445 MW-IT) as under construction with last ready-for-service in 2028, names OpenAI as the customer, and states that no SB Energy data-center capacity is currently in operation; contracted MW-IT is not energized or accepted compute.
How does the 1.2 GW lease divide among Freebird buildings and the two tax-registered phases, and what facility/IT MW, service ramp, occupancy, electrical acceptance, first-billing, and compute-commissioning dates are documented?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 10, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SB Energy describes the Milam campus as under construction, and state records identify registered first and second phases. Neither the accessibility filings nor tax qualification establishes commissioned compute or delivered load. SB Energy’s September 2026 S-1 lists Milam County Buildings 1 (308 MW-IT) and 2 (445 MW-IT) as under construction with last ready-for-service in 2028, names OpenAI as the customer, and states that no SB Energy data-center capacity is currently in operation; contracted MW-IT is not energized or accepted compute.
Which Milam building reaches ready-for-service, utility energization, and rent commencement first, and what interval load and accelerator acceptance records accompany it?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 10, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SB Energy describes the Milam campus as under construction, and state records identify registered first and second phases. Neither the accessibility filings nor tax qualification establishes commissioned compute or delivered load. SB Energy’s September 2026 S-1 lists Milam County Buildings 1 (308 MW-IT) and 2 (445 MW-IT) as under construction with last ready-for-service in 2028, names OpenAI as the customer, and states that no SB Energy data-center capacity is currently in operation; contracted MW-IT is not energized or accepted compute.
Which named generation and storage entities, technologies, MW/MWh, permits, interconnections, fuel or PPA contracts, lenders, financing-close dates, and service milestones apply to Milam rather than SB Energy’s separate Google-anchored Orion solar portfolio?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 10, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SB Energy describes the Milam campus as under construction, and state records identify registered first and second phases. Neither the accessibility filings nor tax qualification establishes commissioned compute or delivered load. SB Energy’s September 2026 S-1 lists Milam County Buildings 1 (308 MW-IT) and 2 (445 MW-IT) as under construction with last ready-for-service in 2028, names OpenAI as the customer, and states that no SB Energy data-center capacity is currently in operation; contracted MW-IT is not energized or accepted compute.
Which water source, rights holder, utility, well or service agreement, cooling architecture, design-day/annual limit, wastewater path, and post-commissioning meter record applies to each Milam phase?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 12, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Wisconsin DNR describes the four-building Lighthouse campus as under construction. No energized compute, operating load, or delivered accelerator phase is claimed. Vantage refers to the development as its Lighthouse data center campus and, with Oracle and OpenAI, funded local community projects in August 2026; naming and community funding do not establish construction progress or energization.
What enforceable municipal water, sewer, and temporary-well limits apply specifically to WI11–WI14, and what do future meter records show?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 12, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Wisconsin DNR describes the four-building Lighthouse campus as under construction. No energized compute, operating load, or delivered accelerator phase is claimed. Vantage refers to the development as its Lighthouse data center campus and, with Oracle and OpenAI, funded local community projects in August 2026; naming and community funding do not establish construction progress or energization.
What load ramp, minimum-billing demand, service dates, and conditions appear in the redacted Port-specific VLC/Bespoke service agreements?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 12, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Wisconsin DNR describes the four-building Lighthouse campus as under construction. No energized compute, operating load, or delivered accelerator phase is claimed. Vantage refers to the development as its Lighthouse data center campus and, with Oracle and OpenAI, funded local community projects in August 2026; naming and community funding do not establish construction progress or energization.
What site-bound accelerator vendor, model, rack, and quantity has been ordered, delivered, installed, or accepted for each of WI11–WI14?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 1, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
OpenAI announced a groundbreaking after township records documented foundations, utilities, and construction activity. No energized compute phase is claimed. The Attorney General sought rehearing, MPSC denied it, and an appeal followed. No reviewed source establishes a stay, vacatur or final reversal, so litigation does not suspend the approved-contract or construction status.
What appellate docket, stay order or final opinion changes the current effect of the MPSC approval?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 1, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
OpenAI announced a groundbreaking after township records documented foundations, utilities, and construction activity. No energized compute phase is claimed. The Attorney General sought rehearing, MPSC denied it, and an appeal followed. No reviewed source establishes a stay, vacatur or final reversal, so litigation does not suspend the approved-contract or construction status.
What are actual hourly campus load, storage dispatch, and delivered generation mix, and how is the U-21990 appeal resolved?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 1, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
OpenAI announced a groundbreaking after township records documented foundations, utilities, and construction activity. No energized compute phase is claimed. The Attorney General sought rehearing, MPSC denied it, and an appeal followed. No reviewed source establishes a stay, vacatur or final reversal, so litigation does not suspend the approved-contract or construction status.
What do operating meters show for monthly well withdrawal, consumption, hauled cooling-system waste, and sanitary discharge after commissioning?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 1, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
OpenAI announced a groundbreaking after township records documented foundations, utilities, and construction activity. No energized compute phase is claimed. The Attorney General sought rehearing, MPSC denied it, and an appeal followed. No reviewed source establishes a stay, vacatur or final reversal, so litigation does not suspend the approved-contract or construction status.
Which named models and accelerator SKUs will be allocated to each phase, and when will a compute phase be energized?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 29, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Vantage says Frontier construction began in 2025, and a 2026 state accessibility registration documents the first building’s applicant schedule. Neither source establishes completion, energization, or operating compute.
For TX301–TX310 and ABI-1, which building, fire, electrical, occupancy, generator construction/operation, grid-service, and compute-acceptance records show actual phase dates and MW rather than applicant targets or design envelopes?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 29, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Vantage says Frontier construction began in 2025, and a 2026 state accessibility registration documents the first building’s applicant schedule. Neither source establishes completion, energization, or operating compute.
Which site-bound accelerator vendor, SKU, rack and chip quantity, delivery/acceptance date, and named training or inference workload applies to each of TX301–TX310?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 29, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Vantage says Frontier construction began in 2025, and a 2026 state accessibility registration documents the first building’s applicant schedule. Neither source establishes completion, energization, or operating compute.
Who are Frontier’s TDSP/TSP, REP/LSE, QSE, gas and water suppliers, and what do interconnection, dispatch, net-import/export, water-service, withdrawal, meter, and discharge records show?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Applied Digital reports Building 1 (100 MW) reached Ready for Service in two 50 MW phases in October and November 2025 and Building 2 Phase 1 (75 MW) on June 30, 2026, bringing live capacity to 175 MW of the 400 MW leased to CoreWeave under roughly 15-year agreements, with Building 4 (150 MW) financed and under construction. Montana-Dakota Utilities says it currently serves the campus. Landlord ready-for-service and energized capacity are not tenant production compute, chip counts, or workloads.
What do the Montana-Dakota service agreement and interval metering show for facility load versus contracted MW, and which regional generation serves it?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Applied Digital reports Building 1 (100 MW) reached Ready for Service in two 50 MW phases in October and November 2025 and Building 2 Phase 1 (75 MW) on June 30, 2026, bringing live capacity to 175 MW of the 400 MW leased to CoreWeave under roughly 15-year agreements, with Building 4 (150 MW) financed and under construction. Montana-Dakota Utilities says it currently serves the campus. Landlord ready-for-service and energized capacity are not tenant production compute, chip counts, or workloads.
When do Building 2 Phase 2, Building 3, and Building 4 reach ready-for-service, and does the Building 4 lease assignment to CoreWeave close?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 1, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Applied Digital reports Building 1 (100 MW) reached Ready for Service in two 50 MW phases in October and November 2025 and Building 2 Phase 1 (75 MW) on June 30, 2026, bringing live capacity to 175 MW of the 400 MW leased to CoreWeave under roughly 15-year agreements, with Building 4 (150 MW) financed and under construction. Montana-Dakota Utilities says it currently serves the campus. Landlord ready-for-service and energized capacity are not tenant production compute, chip counts, or workloads.
Which CoreWeave workloads, accelerator models, and quantities occupy the ready-for-service halls, and when did tenant production begin?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 29, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Crusoe says two 100 MW buildings were energized by March 27; Lancium’s CEO described three buildings as running full out on April 9; and OpenAI confirms GB200 systems are running. These milestones do not disclose meter demand or live critical-IT megawatts.
What are the per-building critical-IT megawatts, average and peak meter demand, installed GB200 rack count, and installed superchip or GPU count?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 29, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Crusoe says two 100 MW buildings were energized by March 27; Lancium’s CEO described three buildings as running full out on April 9; and OpenAI confirms GB200 systems are running. These milestones do not disclose meter demand or live critical-IT megawatts.
What do the municipal meter records show for potable, raw, reclaimed, cooling, domestic, and construction water separately?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Apr 29, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Crusoe says two 100 MW buildings were energized by March 27; Lancium’s CEO described three buildings as running full out on April 9; and OpenAI confirms GB200 systems are running. These milestones do not disclose meter demand or live critical-IT megawatts.
Who are the REP/LSE and QSE, and what are interval net imports, exports, on-site-generation netting, and monthly energy and peak demand?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Two company-reported clusters are online: approximately 110,000 GB200 and 110,000 GB300 GPUs totaling about 430 MW of compute. The next at-least-220,000-GB300 phase remains future.
Has the next at-least-220,000-GB300 phase been commissioned since the June 2026 filing?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Two company-reported clusters are online: approximately 110,000 GB200 and 110,000 GB300 GPUs totaling about 430 MW of compute. The next at-least-220,000-GB300 phase remains future.
What are post-commissioning potable-water meter reads, and has any recycled water been delivered?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Two company-reported clusters are online: approximately 110,000 GB200 and 110,000 GB300 GPUs totaling about 430 MW of compute. The next at-least-220,000-GB300 phase remains future.
Which mobile turbines are operating now, has any permitted stationary unit been construction-certified, and what is hourly dispatch?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SpaceXAI reports more than 220,000 installed H100, H200, and GB200 GPUs. MLGW documented 150 MW of energized grid service; actual grid, on-site generation, and workload shares remain undisclosed.
Can the underlying MLGW potable-water bills and any recycled-water meter or delivery records be obtained?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SpaceXAI reports more than 220,000 installed H100, H200, and GB200 GPUs. MLGW documented 150 MW of energized grid service; actual grid, on-site generation, and workload shares remain undisclosed.
What is actual hourly load by grid, on-site generation, battery discharge, training, and inference?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 14, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
SpaceXAI reports more than 220,000 installed H100, H200, and GB200 GPUs. MLGW documented 150 MW of energized grid service; actual grid, on-site generation, and workload shares remain undisclosed.
Which later Grok variants used Colossus 1, and what current capacity is allocated to Anthropic?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Deutsche Telekom announced the Munich AI factory in November 2025 and said it officially went into operation on February 4, 2026 at Tucherpark in a renovated former bank data center of about 10,700 m² with nearly 10,000 NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs, operating at over a third of capacity with named customers. Company utilisation and inventory statements are not independent acceptance records, and no MW is disclosed.
How many DGX B200 systems and RTX PRO servers are installed and accepted, and which customer workloads run on them?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Deutsche Telekom announced the Munich AI factory in November 2025 and said it officially went into operation on February 4, 2026 at Tucherpark in a renovated former bank data center of about 10,700 m² with nearly 10,000 NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs, operating at over a third of capacity with named customers. Company utilisation and inventory statements are not independent acceptance records, and no MW is disclosed.
What Eisbach water-use permit, flow, and temperature conditions apply, and how much heat is delivered to the district network?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Feb 4, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Deutsche Telekom announced the Munich AI factory in November 2025 and said it officially went into operation on February 4, 2026 at Tucherpark in a renovated former bank data center of about 10,700 m² with nearly 10,000 NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs, operating at over a third of capacity with named customers. Company utilisation and inventory statements are not independent acceptance records, and no MW is disclosed.
What are the facility’s electrical capacity, supplier, and metered load, and who holds the electricity account?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 23, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Microsoft says the first MKE03/04 facility is fully operational after equipment startup began in April 2026. A second adjacent, similar-scale facility remains under construction for scheduled completion in 2028.
What do the nonconfidential utility service agreement, ramp schedule, meters, and monthly intervals show for each Fairwater phase?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 23, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Microsoft says the first MKE03/04 facility is fully operational after equipment startup began in April 2026. A second adjacent, similar-scale facility remains under construction for scheduled completion in 2028.
Which models and workload shares run in the operational building, and how many GB200 systems are installed, energized, accepted, and usable?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 23, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 14, 2026
Microsoft says the first MKE03/04 facility is fully operational after equipment startup began in April 2026. A second adjacent, similar-scale facility remains under construction for scheduled completion in 2028.
Which water accounts serve each phase, and what are measured withdrawal, consumption, discharge, source, and peak-day totals?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 22, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The City of Hamina describes the campus as operating since 2011 and confirms that recovered cooling heat is now routed to the district network. Conceptual EIA expansion buildings are not treated as commissioned. A January 2026 temporary environmental permit covers rock crushing and earthworks at expansion property only; it does not establish an expansion building, energization or compute.
What are Hamina’s metered facility and IT power ratings, electricity seller and grid connections, and hourly carbon-free-energy accounting boundaries?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 22, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The City of Hamina describes the campus as operating since 2011 and confirms that recovered cooling heat is now routed to the district network. Conceptual EIA expansion buildings are not treated as commissioned. A January 2026 temporary environmental permit covers rock crushing and earthworks at expansion property only; it does not establish an expansion building, energization or compute.
What are Hamina’s permitted and measured seawater withdrawals, consumptive losses and returns by cooling mode, and actual recovered-heat delivery?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 22, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The City of Hamina describes the campus as operating since 2011 and confirms that recovered cooling heat is now routed to the district network. Conceptual EIA expansion buildings are not treated as commissioned. A January 2026 temporary environmental permit covers rock crushing and earthworks at expansion property only; it does not establish an expansion building, energization or compute.
Which expansion building permits, occupancy approvals and first-load records follow the temporary earthworks permit?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jun 22, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
The City of Hamina describes the campus as operating since 2011 and confirms that recovered cooling heat is now routed to the district network. Conceptual EIA expansion buildings are not treated as commissioned. A January 2026 temporary environmental permit covers rock crushing and earthworks at expansion property only; it does not establish an expansion building, energization or compute.
Which named AI models, accelerator products, quantities, and workload shares are physically allocated to Hamina rather than merely available in the Finland region?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 31, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Google reports the campus operating, hosting the Santiago Google Cloud region, and publishes 2024 environmental metrics. Historical PARAM expansion and fuel-storage records add permit lineage but do not establish current generator operation, cooling topology or AI workload allocation.
How much water is withdrawn versus consumed, by cooling mode and season?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 31, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Google reports the campus operating, hosting the Santiago Google Cloud region, and publishes 2024 environmental metrics. Historical PARAM expansion and fuel-storage records add permit lineage but do not establish current generator operation, cooling topology or AI workload allocation.
What current Dataluna/Google permit and inspection records establish generator inventory, fuel use and expansion status?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 31, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Google reports the campus operating, hosting the Santiago Google Cloud region, and publishes 2024 environmental metrics. Historical PARAM expansion and fuel-storage records add permit lineage but do not establish current generator operation, cooling topology or AI workload allocation.
Which chip generations and AI workloads are physically allocated to Quilicura?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Mar 31, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Google reports the campus operating, hosting the Santiago Google Cloud region, and publishes 2024 environmental metrics. Historical PARAM expansion and fuel-storage records add permit lineage but do not establish current generator operation, cooling topology or AI workload allocation.
Which legal relationship connects Dataluna to Google, who supplies electricity, and what is the residual hourly generation mix?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 16, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced the $1 billion data centre on a 33-acre Waltham Cross site in January 2024 and opened it on September 16, 2025. Reporting from a July 2026 community meeting says the site is nowhere near an expected 77 MW at full build-out and records resident noise and lighting complaints. An opened facility is not a fully built or fully loaded campus, and the £5 billion programme is not a site figure.
Has any off-site heat-recovery connection been built and delivered?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 16, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced the $1 billion data centre on a 33-acre Waltham Cross site in January 2024 and opened it on September 16, 2025. Reporting from a July 2026 community meeting says the site is nowhere near an expected 77 MW at full build-out and records resident noise and lighting complaints. An opened facility is not a fully built or fully loaded campus, and the £5 billion programme is not a site figure.
What are the site’s permitted and energized electrical capacity, current interval load, and supplier and meter records?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 16, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Google announced the $1 billion data centre on a 33-acre Waltham Cross site in January 2024 and opened it on September 16, 2025. Reporting from a July 2026 community meeting says the site is nowhere near an expected 77 MW at full build-out and records resident noise and lighting complaints. An opened facility is not a fully built or fully loaded campus, and the £5 billion programme is not a site figure.
Which planning conditions on noise and lighting apply, and what post-opening acoustic and lighting measurements exist?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 20, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta says the Kansas City data center began serving traffic on August 20, 2025. The same source describes operational jobs only once the campus is completed, so the live phase is not treated as full campus buildout. City planning and warning-siren ordinances corroborate the named physical project but do not independently establish operation.
What measured load, water quantities, chip inventory and product/model allocation applies to each live phase, and which Evergy legal entity and service boundary serve it?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Aug 20, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta says the Kansas City data center began serving traffic on August 20, 2025. The same source describes operational jobs only once the campus is completed, so the live phase is not treated as full campus buildout. City planning and warning-siren ordinances corroborate the named physical project but do not independently establish operation.
Which buildings and phases are serving traffic, and when will the full campus be completed?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 3, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta says the Kuna Data Center is online and operational as of September 3, 2026, after breaking ground in 2022 with more than $1.2 billion invested. The info sheet describes about 100 operational jobs once completed, so an operating phase is not treated as a completed campus, a measured load, or an AI workload allocation.
What product, model, and accelerator allocation, if any, is site-bound at Kuna, and what does the first sustainability report disclose for water and energy?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Sep 3, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Meta says the Kuna Data Center is online and operational as of September 3, 2026, after breaking ground in 2022 with more than $1.2 billion invested. The info sheet describes about 100 operational jobs once completed, so an operating phase is not treated as a completed campus, a measured load, or an AI workload allocation.
Which buildings are serving traffic, what is the metered load, and when is full buildout complete?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 30, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta says the Mesa data center began serving traffic on January 30, 2025. The same source describes more than $1 billion only at full buildout, so an operating phase is not treated as a completed campus.
What measured load, water, chip inventory and product/model allocation applies to each live phase?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jan 30, 2025 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
Meta says the Mesa data center began serving traffic on January 30, 2025. The same source describes more than $1 billion only at full buildout, so an operating phase is not treated as a completed campus.
Which buildings and phases are serving traffic and when will full buildout be complete?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Nov 12, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Microsoft says the Atlanta Fairwater site began operating in October 2025 and is joined to the Wisconsin Fairwater site by a dedicated AI WAN. Microsoft names only the metro; AJC records reporting places the facility inside a 615-acre QTS-developed campus in Fayetteville, and Fayette County describes QTS campus water service. An operating first facility is not a completed campus, a measured load, a chip count, or a workload allocation.
What do county meters show for operating rather than construction water consumption at the Fairwater buildings, and which service lines feed them?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Nov 12, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Microsoft says the Atlanta Fairwater site began operating in October 2025 and is joined to the Wisconsin Fairwater site by a dedicated AI WAN. Microsoft names only the metro; AJC records reporting places the facility inside a 615-acre QTS-developed campus in Fayetteville, and Fayette County describes QTS campus water service. An operating first facility is not a completed campus, a measured load, a chip count, or a workload allocation.
Which QTS buildings, MW, and GPU counts does Microsoft actually occupy, and what interval load does the Georgia Power account show?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
AWS calls multi-site Project Rainier fully operational and identifies St. Joseph County as one site; a July 2026 company-authored local update describes the New Carlisle campus as serving customers, but neither source itemizes the Indiana share of Rainier compute. IDEM separately defines SBN100 at 55001 Larrison Boulevard and SBN201 at Western/Larrison as stationary sources under common Amazon ownership. DHS variance records for named buildings are code scopes, not occupancy or compute.
How many Trainium2 chips and which Claude workloads, if any, are allocated to St. Joseph County?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
AWS calls multi-site Project Rainier fully operational and identifies St. Joseph County as one site; a July 2026 company-authored local update describes the New Carlisle campus as serving customers, but neither source itemizes the Indiana share of Rainier compute. IDEM separately defines SBN100 at 55001 Larrison Boulevard and SBN201 at Western/Larrison as stationary sources under common Amazon ownership. DHS variance records for named buildings are code scopes, not occupancy or compute.
Request from IURC and Indiana Michigan Power the non-confidential interval demand and energy series, energization dates, and substation or balancing-area identifiers for the New Carlisle AWS campus, and from New Carlisle or South Bend the water-use records and permit file associated with document ID 389839.
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
AWS calls multi-site Project Rainier fully operational and identifies St. Joseph County as one site; a July 2026 company-authored local update describes the New Carlisle campus as serving customers, but neither source itemizes the Indiana share of Rainier compute. IDEM separately defines SBN100 at 55001 Larrison Boulevard and SBN201 at Western/Larrison as stationary sources under common Amazon ownership. DHS variance records for named buildings are code scopes, not occupancy or compute.
Which final IDEM modification, occupancy and equipment-acceptance records map SBN100/SBN201 and named buildings to actual operating phases?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Jul 9, 2026 · last reviewed Aug 15, 2026
AWS calls multi-site Project Rainier fully operational and identifies St. Joseph County as one site; a July 2026 company-authored local update describes the New Carlisle campus as serving customers, but neither source itemizes the Indiana share of Rainier compute. IDEM separately defines SBN100 at 55001 Larrison Boulevard and SBN201 at Western/Larrison as stationary sources under common Amazon ownership. DHS variance records for named buildings are code scopes, not occupancy or compute.
Which other facilities does AWS officially include in Rainier, beyond secondary reporting about Mississippi and possible North Carolina and Pennsylvania sites?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Start Campus reports an official opening of SIN01 and describes it as fully leased, and Nscale’s May 2026 release says its expanded agreement builds on the deployment of over 12,600 Blackwell Ultra GPUs at the first building for Microsoft. Those company statements support an operating first building; they do not establish measured load, accepted GPU inventory, or workload allocation. The second 200 MW building and the 66,000+ Rubin GPUs are future commitments and do not promote any later phase.
What acceptance, energization, and utilisation records show how many of the reported 12,600 GB300 GPUs are installed and serving Microsoft workloads at SIN01?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Start Campus reports an official opening of SIN01 and describes it as fully leased, and Nscale’s May 2026 release says its expanded agreement builds on the deployment of over 12,600 Blackwell Ultra GPUs at the first building for Microsoft. Those company statements support an operating first building; they do not establish measured load, accepted GPU inventory, or workload allocation. The second 200 MW building and the 66,000+ Rubin GPUs are future commitments and do not promote any later phase.
What are SIN01’s metered IT load, seawater intake and discharge volumes, and any cooling-tower make-up water use?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of May 5, 2026 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
Start Campus reports an official opening of SIN01 and describes it as fully leased, and Nscale’s May 2026 release says its expanded agreement builds on the deployment of over 12,600 Blackwell Ultra GPUs at the first building for Microsoft. Those company statements support an operating first building; they do not establish measured load, accepted GPU inventory, or workload allocation. The second 200 MW building and the 66,000+ Rubin GPUs are future commitments and do not promote any later phase.
Which permits, construction records, and grid-connection agreements apply to the second 200 MW building, and how does it reconcile with the 180 MW SIN02 described by the company?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 31, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
YTL Power announced on October 31, 2025 the completion of its AI data centre facility at the 600 MW YTL Green Data Center Park in Kulai with liquid-cooled GB200 NVL72 hardware and said YTL AI Cloud is now operational, corroborated by Malaysian press reporting the Prime Minister’s statement. Completion of one AI facility does not establish the park’s build-out, the facility’s MW, a GPU count, or metered load.
What heat-rejection system and water source apply, and what withdrawal or consumption is recorded?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 31, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
YTL Power announced on October 31, 2025 the completion of its AI data centre facility at the 600 MW YTL Green Data Center Park in Kulai with liquid-cooled GB200 NVL72 hardware and said YTL AI Cloud is now operational, corroborated by Malaysian press reporting the Prime Minister’s statement. Completion of one AI facility does not establish the park’s build-out, the facility’s MW, a GPU count, or metered load.
What is the completed AI facility’s IT capacity, GB200 NVL72 rack count, and metered load?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierStatus evidence as of Oct 31, 2025 · last reviewed Sep 4, 2026
YTL Power announced on October 31, 2025 the completion of its AI data centre facility at the 600 MW YTL Green Data Center Park in Kulai with liquid-cooled GB200 NVL72 hardware and said YTL AI Cloud is now operational, corroborated by Malaysian press reporting the Prime Minister’s statement. Completion of one AI facility does not establish the park’s build-out, the facility’s MW, a GPU count, or metered load.
Which electricity supplier, grid connection, and solar-plant contracts serve the facility, and how much energy is matched versus physically delivered?
This is a missing-record question, not a claim supported by two arbitrarily selected citations.
Open the full evidence dossierThe atlas is maintained in research batches. The September 4, 2026 pass took it from 42 campuses in nine countries to 71 in eighteen, and every site now carries an electricity context, either a dated regional proxy or an explicit note that no grid record supports one. The batch identifiers in the downloadable bundle say which pass added or deepened each record.
There is no defensible single list unless the denominator is fixed.
Meta describes Hyperion as an eventual 5 gigawatt compute buildout. Vantage describes Frontier as a planned 1.4 gigawatt critical IT load. Abilene's 1.2 gigawatts describes full-campus total power capacity, with only part of the campus live at the cited date. xAI reports more than 220,000 installed GPUs at Colossus 1. AWS describes nearly 500,000 Trainium2 chips across multiple U.S. data centers in Project Rainier.
Those facts are significant and incompatible. A planned campus, current draw, critical IT load, total service, installed accelerator count, distributed cluster, lease, and hardware description should never be silently sorted in one column.
“Largest” has no single denominator
Filter to compare a compatible disclosure basis. The unfiltered view is an evidence inventory, not a sorted leaderboard.
campus compute buildout
Richland Parish, Louisiana · Meta
5 GW
Eventual full-campus compute capacity
Boundary: Planned buildout—not present electricity draw or operating IT load.
critical it load
Shackelford County, Texas · Vantage Data Centers
1.4 GW
Ten-building campus critical IT load
Boundary: A full-build design disclosure; first delivery was targeted for the second half of 2026.
total power capacity
Abilene, Texas · Crusoe / Oracle Cloud
1.2 GW
Eight-building full-campus total power capacity
Boundary: The site was operating by this date; 1.2 GW is full-build total power capacity, not current IT load.
installed accelerators
Memphis, Tennessee · xAI
>220,000 GPUs
H100, H200, and GB200 GPUs disclosed at Colossus 1
Boundary: Do not combine with a separate campus or roadmap-to-one-million figure.
distributed cluster accelerators
Multiple U.S. data centers · Amazon Web Services
Nearly 500,000 Trainium2
Distributed U.S. cluster serving Anthropic
Boundary: Not a single campus, one map pin, or a site-level MW disclosure.
portfolio hardware description
Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin · Microsoft
“Hundreds of thousands” of GPUs
Campus architecture; first facility live and second planned for 2028
Boundary: No exact GPU count or site MW is public.
lease buildout
Milam County, Texas · SB Energy / OpenAI
1.2 GW
Initial leased buildout
Boundary: Contracted/buildout capacity—not measured electricity use.
campus compute buildout
Saline Township, Michigan · Oracle / Related Digital
1 GW
Full-campus plan
Boundary: Groundbreaking and design capacity do not establish operation.
campus compute buildout
Lebanon, Indiana · Meta
1 GW
Designed capacity once operational
Boundary: Construction-stage capacity, not current load.
campus compute buildout
New Albany region, Ohio · Meta
1 GW
Multi-building and adjacent-capacity cluster
Boundary: Cluster scope—not a single building’s current MW.
campus compute buildout
El Paso, Texas · Meta / BlackRock
1 GW
Compute-capacity plan expected to begin online in 2028
Boundary: Future capacity; Meta is the initial sole occupant, not necessarily the property’s only owner.
total power capacity
Childress, Texas · Crusoe / Lancium
1 GW
Full-scale grid-connected design
Boundary: Announced with construction expected later in 2026; no operating load.
Opposition is not one argument. A project can concentrate continuous sound, peak-day water demand, transmission lines, backup-engine emissions, industrial buildings, road traffic, tax incentives, and utility investment while creating far fewer permanent jobs than construction jobs. Benefits and burdens can coexist.
Scale also moves risk between parties. If a utility builds generation or transmission for a forecast load that arrives late, never arrives, or leaves early, who pays? If a site is dry cooled, what happens to its electricity demand during a heat wave? If it uses reclaimed water, where does blowdown go? If a generator permit allows thousands of hours, how many hours actually occur? If a sound study models the first phase, what happens when all phases run simultaneously?
No single permit answers all of those questions. Local government controls land use, setbacks, roads, buildings, and often noise. Water and sewer authorities control service and discharge. Air agencies permit engines or turbines. Utility commissions decide tariffs, contracts, and cost recovery. Utilities, regional grid organizations, and FERC address interconnection and transmission under different jurisdictions.
The permit stack
Land, electricity, air, water, wastewater, wetlands, roads, taxes, and construction can move on different calendars. Select an authority to see what it can—and cannot—decide.
Selected authority
Can decide
Does not prove or control
It usually does not dispatch the grid or set interstate wholesale transmission rules.
Current example
Effective July 1, 2026, Virginia requires a sound-profile assessment for a new ≥100 MW high-energy-use facility seeking rezoning, special-exception, or special-use approval; the statute has an exemption for certain previously approved sites and smaller expansions.
Community questions and targeted tools
Each mitigation fixes a boundary—not “the data center.”
Noise
Constant low-frequency or tonal sound, especially at night.
Useful response
Baseline and post-opening spectral measurement, tonal penalties, setbacks, barriers, equipment schedules, and a public complaint log.
Limit: Acoustic controls do not solve power, water, or land impacts.
Water
Peak-day and drought demand can matter locally even when statewide share looks small.
Useful response
Monthly and peak metering by source, reclaimed-water infrastructure, drought modes, dry/hybrid cooling, and public blowdown routes.
Limit: Dry cooling can increase electricity and capital; reclaimed water still needs treatment.
Power bills
Utility assets can become stranded if forecast load never arrives or leaves early.
Useful response
Long contracts, minimum bills, collateral, upfront contributions, staged ramps, curtailment, and exit charges.
Limit: These reduce risk; they do not guarantee zero regional price or transmission effects.
Air
Backup engines, bridge generation, and onsite turbines have different operating profiles.
Useful response
Equipment inventory, enforceable hour/fuel limits, aftertreatment, batteries where duration works, and actual-emissions reporting.
Limit: A permit proves an allowed envelope, not actual hours or measured compliance.
Land + jobs
Large industrial buildings, lines, roads, tax incentives, and temporary construction can reshape a place.
Useful response
Setbacks, corridors, wetlands review, enforceable hiring/community agreements, actual job reporting, and incentive clawbacks.
Limit: Benefits and impacts can coexist; one does not cancel the other.
Virginia’s unusually detailed 2024 audit · useful, not nationally universal
2.1B gal
Estimated 2023 data-center water use; just over one-third reclaimed. Less than 0.5% statewide, but 0.2%–21% of non-reclaimed demand at six reviewed utilities.
≈50 jobs
Typical full-time operations for a 250,000-square-foot building; roughly half contractors. Construction can peak near 1,500 for 12–18 months.
$14–$37/mo
Modeled 2040 generation/transmission effect for a typical Dominion residential customer—not an observed bill increase and not one campus.
$928M
Estimated FY2023 Virginia sales/use-tax revenue forgone under the data-center exemption; forgone revenue is not the same as a net fiscal loss.
The practical response is equally layered: monthly and peak water reporting; drought operating plans; dry or hybrid modes where appropriate; baseline and post-opening spectral noise tests; setbacks, barriers, and tonal limits; enforceable generator hours and emissions reporting; staged grid commitments; minimum bills, collateral, exit charges, and curtailment terms; wetlands and road review; public job reporting; and incentive clawbacks.
Each measure addresses one failure mode. None turns “the data center” into a single yes-or-no policy object.
You do not need to operate a chiller plant to understand the implications.
The strongest leads sit in the joins public sources do not make.
Which “liquid-cooled” campuses end at evaporative towers? How much site water is metered? What are monthly withdrawal, discharge, source type, and peak-day demand? Where do reverse-osmosis reject and cooling-tower blowdown go? Did the acoustic model include every phase at simultaneous load and examine one-third-octave bands? How much announced power is queued, contracted, energized, and actually operating? Who pays for stranded utility infrastructure? Which party is the property owner, developer, operator, tenant, cloud, workload customer, and utility counterparty? Is a GPU count tied to this campus or merely the company's portfolio?
Reporter lead desk
A mapped building is not a verified campus, a permit is not measured operation, and a company fleet metric is not an AI workload allocation. Every claim keeps its geography, date, denominator, evidence type, and public unknowns. Primer and ODbL census reviewed Aug 13, 2026; facility atlas and investigation reviewed Sep 4, 2026; bundle integrated Sep 4, 2026.
Which liquid-cooled projects ultimately reject heat through an evaporative tower?
What are monthly withdrawal, discharge, source type, and peak-day water demand?
How much water reporting is metered versus estimated?
What happens to reverse-osmosis reject and cooling-tower blowdown?
Does the acoustic study cover every phase at simultaneous peak load and nighttime weather?
Are tonal and low-frequency bands measured, or only an aggregate A-weighted number?
How much announced MW is queued, contracted, energized, and actually operating?
Who pays if a utility builds assets for load that never arrives?
Which party is landowner, developer, operator, tenant, utility counterparty, and workload customer?
Is hardware disclosed for this facility or only somewhere in the operator’s portfolio?
Are jobs construction, permanent operations, contractor, indirect, committed, or realized?
Can heat-reuse claims be matched to a nearby year-round customer and signed offtake?
Dated source ledger
469 of 469 sources
The source ledger and evidence bundle are downloadable because this page should create reporting, not merely summarize it. The stable method is to keep physical location, legal organization, commercial role, facility status, measurement boundary, date, and source separate until a document actually connects them.